Table 1.

Paleohydroclimate records used in this study.

Site number	Site name	Latitude (°N)	Longitude (°E)	Proxies	References
1	Lake Kaiike	30.85	129.87	Sediment δD	Soelen et al.22
2	Mulyoungari Swamp	33.37	126.68	Pollen, diatom, δ13C, CN, TS	This study
3	Southern Okinawa Trough	24.80	122.49	Diatom	Li et al.75
4	Dahu Lake	24.75	121.70	Pollen, diatom, grain size	Wang et al.68
5	Tsuifong Lake	24.50	121.60	Diatom, δ15N, δ13C, magnetic susceptivility	Wang et al.67
6	Lower Huai River and Yangtz River Basin	32.36	117.84	Historical documents	Man (2009)16 (as cited in ref. 25)
7	Jiang-Nan Area	27.50	117.00	Historical documents	Zheng et al.12
8	Dongdao Island	16.75	112.80	Grain size	Yan et al.59
9	Hainan Island	19.30	110.67	Coral δ13C and δ18O	Deng et al.76
10	Huguangyan Maar Lake	21.15	110.28	TOC, TN, Sr	Zeng et al.19
11	Lake San-No-Megata	39.93	139.70	Geochemical data, magnetic susceptibility	Yamada et al.18
12	Xiaolongwan Lake	42.30	126.35	Sediment δ13C	Chu et al.15
13	Maili Pond	42.87	122.88	Pollen	Ren (1998)11
14	Kaiyuan Cave	36.40	118.03	Stalagmite δ18O	Wang et al.77
15	Dali Lake	43.26	116.60	TOC	Xiao et al.54
16	North China	36.40	115.12	Historical documents	Man (2009)16 (as cited in ref. 25)
17	Gonghai Lake	38.90	112.23	Geochemical data	Liu et al.20
18	Heshang Cave	30.45	110.42	Stalagmite δ18O	Hu et al.51
19	Dongge Cave	25.28	108.08	Stalagmite δ18O	Zhao et al.21
20	Wanxiang Cave	33.58	105.00	Stalagmite δ18O	Zhang et al.14
21	Longxi Area	35.45	104.78	Historical documents	Tan et al.13

Coastal sites showing the dry MCA/wet LIA pattern are indicated by bold numbers (1–10) while other sites are by italic numbers (11–21) (see Fig. 5 for the location of each site).