PMN number induced by pharyngeal aspiration exposure to 0, 20, 40, or 80 μg/mouse of either poorly-dispersed (PD) or well-dispersed (WD) CeO2-NP dispersed in differing dispersion medias (Panel A, pluronics, Panel B, PBS, Panel C, Survanta®, and Panel D, DM) at 1 and 7 days post-exposure. Values are given as means ± SE (n=8). *Significant difference between treatment and control groups at 1 and 7 day post-exposure (p < 0.05). +Significant difference between well-dispersed (20 min sonication) and poorly-dispersed (5 min sonication) CeO2-NP solutions at same post-exposure timepoint (p < 0.05). (NiO-NP PMN data shown in figure is from Sager et al. [2016]).