Figure 3.
Trehalose predehydration to protect cells from cryoinjury during ice seeding. (a) Area Ac of NIH 3T3 fibroblasts (n = 40) determined from cryomicroscopy images. (b) Phase and fluorescence images of the cells after predehydration with 0.33 M trehalose solution at room temperature (22 °C) and/or after dehydration by ice seeding (IS) at −6 °C. The suffix “d” represents dehydration with trehalose and/or IS without further cooling to below the ice seeding temperature. (c) The corresponding cell area Ac before and after dehydration under the conditions shown in b. No significant difference in Ac is observed among the three different methods for dehydration. (d) Viability of cells before and after dehydration using the three different methods showing ice seeding-induced injury to cells without trehalose predehydration at room temperature. *: p < 0.05 and n = 3.