Table 2. Differences in characteristic of subjects with AMD in the group with and without diabetes.
| AMD and DM (n=186) | AMD and No DM (n=803) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic characteristics | |||
| Mean age (years) | 66.3±6.6 | 66.5±6.7 | 0.701 |
| Gender | |||
| Male | 82 (44.1) | 373 (46.5) | 0.560 |
| Female | 104 (55.9) | 430 (53.5) | |
| Rural | 84 (45.2) | 535 (66.6) | <0.0001 |
| Urban | 102 (54.8) | 268 (33.4) | |
| Socioeconomic status | |||
| Low (0–14) | 79 (42.5) | 443 (55.2) | 0.002 |
| Middle (15–28) | 99 (53.2) | 332 (41.3) | 0.003 |
| High (29–42) | 8 (4.3) | 28 (3.5) | 0.593 |
| Systemic factors | |||
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 132.7±17.7 | 126.5±17.8 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 80.2±10.2 | 79.6±9.7 | 0.445 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.5±4.3 | 21.7±4.6 | <0.001 |
| Serum total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 171.2±39.0 | 165.5±35.4 | 0.053 |
| Serum triglycerides (mg/dl) | 115.1±56.7 | 103.9±47.3 | 0.013 |
| Serum HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 40.4±11.2 | 42.2±11.8 | 0.062 |
| Ocular factors | |||
| Cataract (n, %) | |||
| No cataract | 100 (53.8) | 431 (53.7) | 0.989 |
| Any cataract | 86 (46.2) | 372 (46.3) | |
| Intraocular pressure | 14.5±3.2 | 13.7±2.7 | 0.001 |
| Presence of DR (n, %) | 16 (9.6) | 0.57 (0.33–0.99)‡ | 0.046 |
| Refractive error (by refraction) | |||
| Emmetropia | 31 (17.2) | 112 (14.9) | 0.432 |
| Myopia | 69 (38.3) | 404 (53.7) | <0.0001 |
| Hyperopia | 80 (44.4) | 237 (31.5) | 0.001 |
| Myopia (excluding nuclear sclerosis) | 1 (7.2) | 13 (92.8) | 0.140 |
| Axial length | |||
| ≤22.49 mm | 71 (48.6) | 292 (55.8) | 0.122 |
| 22.50–24.99 mm | 68 (46.6) | 220 (42.1) | 0.330 |
| ≥25.00 mm | 7 (4.8) | 11 (2.1) | 0.076 |
Abbreviations: AMD, age-related macular degeneration; BP, blood pressure; DM, diabetes mellitus; DR, diabetic retinopathy; HDL, high-density lipoproteins.
Data represent mean±SD or n(%).
‡Odds ratio (95% CI), P-value by logistic regression in DM group only.