Table 3.

Reported normal values (95th percentile) of normal infants*, children* and adults†

	Upright	Recumbent	Total
Infants*
Acid reflux episodes	33	24	48
Non-acid episodes	46	48	67
Total GOR episodes	68	61	93
ESPGHAN (EURO PIG)‡			100
Children*
Acid reflux episodes	52	15	55
Non-acid episodes	25	9	34
Total GOR episodes	69	19	71
ESPGHAN (EURO-PIG)‡			70
Adults†
Acid reflux episodes	52	5	55
Non-acid episodes	25	4	27
Total GOR episodes	67	7	73

*Modified from Mousa et al.²⁴

†Modified from Pandolfino et al.¹⁸

‡Modified from Wenzl et al.¹

ESPGHAN, European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition; EURO-PIG, European Paediatric Impedance Group; GOR, gastro-oesophageal reflux.