Table 1.
Characteristics of eligible studies.a
| Author, year (Country) |
Study design Recruitment period |
Age in yearsb Menopausal status (premenopausal n, %) Hormone replacement therapy (n, %) |
Participants and follow-up information |
Lung cancer histology N (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wu-Williams, 1990 (China) (58) |
Case-control (Harbin and Shenyang registries) 1985–1987 |
56 [NR]; 55 [NR] | 964 / 959 (of whom 956 cases and 951 of controls had information on parity) |
Available for 688 of cases; adenocarcinoma 310 (45); squamous-cell 201 (29); small-cell 117 (17); other 66 (10) |
| Taioli, 1994c (USA) (59) |
Case-control NR |
NR | 180 / 303 | Adenocarcinoma 180 (100) |
| Zhou, 2000 (China) (60) |
Case-control (Shenyang city) Cases, 1991–1995; controls, 1988–1989 |
Cases, 57 [NR]; controls, 57 [NR] | 72 / 72 | Adenocarcinoma 72 (100) |
| Seow, 2002 (Singapore) (61) |
Case-control 1996–1998 |
Cases, 65 [12]; controls, 63 [13] | 303 / 763 | Adenocarcinoma 166 (55); squamous-cell 56 (19); small-cell 21 (7); other 60 (20) |
| Brenner, 2003 (China) (62) |
Case-control (Pingliang and Qingyang prefectures) 1994–1998 |
Cases: <45, 21 (19); 45–54, 38 (35); 55–64, 34 (31); >65, 16 (15); controls: <45, 51 (12); 45–54, 162 (37); 55–64, 144 (33); >65, 78 (18) |
109 / 435 (of whom 108 cases and 431 controls had information on parity) |
Available for 38 of 109 cases; small-cell 16 (42); squamous-cell 14 (37); adenocarcinoma 1 (3); not specified 7 (18) |
| Kreuzer, 2003 (Germany) (63) |
Case-control 1990–1996 |
Cases, 60 [NR]; controls, 59 [NR] | 811 / 912 | Small-cell 207 (26); squamous -cell 174 (22); adenocarcinoma 386 (48); other 44 (5) |
| Liu, 2005 (Japan) (64) |
Prospective cohort (JPHC Study) 1990–1994 |
Total cohort, 40–49 years 17,915 (40); 50–59 years 18,318 (41); 60–69 years 8444 (19)d |
Total cohort, n=44,677; total person-years=395,448 years; incident cases, 153 |
Adenocarcinoma 118 (77); other 20 (13); unknown 17 (11) |
| Elliot, 2006 (UK) (30) |
Case-control (nested within the RCGP OCS) |
Mean age at recruitment in the cohort was 29 years. | 162 / 486 | NR |
| Kabat, 2007e (Canada) (65) |
Prospective cohort (NBSS) 1980–1985 |
Cases, 51 [5]; non-cases 49 [6] | Cases, 750; non-cases, 89,062; mean follow-up = 16.1 years |
Squamous-cell 100 (13); adenocarcinoma 355 (47); small-cell 122 (16); large-cell, 49 (7); other/mixed, 102 (14) |
| Schwartz, 2007 (USA) (66) |
Case-control 2001–2005 |
Cases, 60 [9]; controls, 58 [9] | 488 / 498 | Adenocarcinoma 346 (71); squamous-cell 39 (8); large-cell 15 (3); other 83 (17) |
| Weiss, 2008 (China) (67) |
Prospective cohort (SWHS) 1996 – 2000 |
Cases, f 19 (9%) 40–44y; 30 (14%) 45–49y; 25 (11%) 50–54 y; 30 (14%) 55–59 y; 45 (20%) 60–64y; 71 (32%) ≥65y. Total person-time,g 29% 40–44y; 21% 45–49y; 14% 50–54y; 10% 55–59y; 13% 60– 64y; 13% ≥65y |
Cases, 220; non-cases, 71,094; 506,522 total person-years; mean follow-up for cases = 4.1 years |
Available for 168 (76) of cases: adenocarcinoma, 78 (46) |
| Koushik, 2009 (Canada) (68) |
Case-control 1996–1997 |
Cases, 62 [9]; controls, 62 [9] | 422 / 577 (of whom 413 cases and 568 controls had information on parity) |
Adenocarcinoma, 201 (48); squamous- cell, 83 (20); small cell, 73 (17); large cell, 37 (9); other, 28 (7) |
| Seow, 2009 (Singapore) (27) |
Prospective cohort (SCHS) 1993 – 1998 |
Entire cohort at recruitment, 56 [8] | Cases, 298; non-cases, 33,730; mean follow-up = 9.6 years |
Available for 85% of cases: Adenocarcinoma 138 (46) |
| Baik, 2010 (USA) (29) |
Prospective cohort (NuHS) 1984–2006 |
63 [38–87]h | Cases, 1729; total cohort n=107,171 women with 1,590,432 total person-years; follow-up = 22 years |
Histologic confirmation for 1505 cases: adenocarcinoma, 707 (47%); small-cell carcinoma, 271 (18); squamous-cell carcinoma, 256 (17); large-cell carcinoma, 75 (5); unspecified NSCLC, 151 (10); other, 45 (3) |
| Meinhold, 2010 (USA) (57) |
Case-control (MLCS) 1998 – ongoing |
Cases, 66 [58–73]; hospital controls, 64 [56–71]; population controls 67 [61–72]i |
430 / 316 (hospital controls) + 295 (population controls) |
NSCLC, 430 (100) |
| Paulus, 2010 (USA) (28) |
Case-control (LCSS) 1992–2003 |
Cases, 66 [11]; controls, 58 [11] | 1004 / 848 | Adenocarcinoma, 455 (45); squamouscell, 150 (15); bronchioloalveolar, 121 (12); other, 278 (28) |
ATS = American Thoracic Society; CWLCS = Czech Women’s Lung Cancer Study; ICD = International Classification of Diseases; JPHC = Japanese Public Health Center; LCCS = Lung Cancer Susceptibility Study; MLCS = Maryland Lung Cancer Study; MVA = Motor Vehicle Administration; NBSS = National Breast Screening Study; NHS = National Health System; NR = not reported; NSCLC = non-small cell lung cancer; NuHS, Nurses Health Study; RCGP OCS = Royal College of General Practitioners Oral Contraception Study; SD = standard deviation; SEER = Surveillance Epidemiology and End-Results; SCHS = Singapore Chinese Health Study; SWHS: Shanghai Women’s Health Study.
Numbers have been rounded to the nearest integer.
Mean age [SD], unless otherwise indicated.
Some descriptive data extracted from Wynder et al., 1997.
Individuals (%) in each age stratum.
Some descriptive data extracted from Miller et al., 1992.
Number (percentage) of cases in each age stratum.
Percentage of total person-time in each age stratum.
Mean age over follow-up [range].
Median [interquartile range].