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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Aug 16.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Immunol. 2016 Dec 16;18(1):7–8. doi: 10.1038/ni.3633

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

USP15-mediated type 1 IFN response is a common pathway regulating infection and autoimmune neuroinflammation. Deubiquitinating enzyme USP15 stabilizes E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM25 by removal of ubiquitin (Ub). USP15 expression by peripheral and CNS resident cells is linked to immune regulatory functions of USP15 during acute neuroinflammation in experimental cerebral malaria and autoimmune encephalomyelitis. USP15-TRIM25 interaction controls the type 1 IFN response to exacerbate lethality in microbial and autoimmune CNS diseases characterized by BBB dysfunction and immune cell recruitment into the CNS.