Table 1.
Predicted Probability (%) of Health Conditions among Incarcerated and Noninstitutionalized Adults Stratified by Sex and Race.
|
Panel A. Men |
Panel B. Women |
|||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Incarcerated |
Noninstitutionalized |
Incarcerated |
Noninstitutionalized |
|||||||||
| White | Black | p | White | Black | p | White | Black | p | White | Black | p | |
| Hypertension | 24.3 (20.2, 28.4) | 22.7 (19.5, 26.0) | 22.6 (20.6, 24.6) | 25.8 (22.7, 28.9) | 20.9 (18.2, 23.5) | 27.0 (23.8, 30.2) | ** | 21.1 (19.2, 23.1) | 31.8 (28.7, 35.0) | *** | ||
| Age 18–33 | 15.7 (9.2, 22.1) | 15.4 (11.5, 19.3) | 10.2 (7.7, 12.7) | 11.7 (7.9, 15.6) | 15.1 (11.4, 18.9) | 16.8 (12.7, 20.8) | 8.5 (6.2, 10.9) | 14.3 (10.5, 18.2) | ** | |||
| Age 34–49 | 19.7 (14.2, 25.1) | 25.2 (19.8, 30.6) | 21.1 (17.7, 24.4) | 23.3 (18.4, 28.1) | 22.2 (18.5, 26.0) | 31.0 (26.2, 35.7) | ** | 17.6 (14.4, 20.7) | 33.5 (28.2, 38.8) | *** | ||
| Age 50+ | 45.9 (35.5, 56.2) | 52.5 (39.2, 65.7) | 38.6 (34.5, 42.8) | 55.3 (48.3, 62.3) | *** | 47.5 (35.8, 59.2) | 66.4 (52.9, 80.0) | * | 39.9 (35.8, 43.9) | 62.0 (55.3, 68.8) | *** | |
| Diabetes | 6.0 (3.6, 8.4) | 5.4 (3.5, 7.2) | 5.0 (3.9, 6.0) | 7.2 (5.4, 8.9) | * | 7.2 (5.5, 8.5) | 5.5 (3.9, 7.1) | 3.9 (3.0, 4.8) | 9.6 (7.7, 11.5) | *** | ||
| Age 18–33 | 0.2 (0.1, 0.3) | 1.8 (0.3, 3.3) | *** | 0.1 (0.0, 0.1) | 0.1 (0.0, 0.2) | 5.1 (2.9, 7.3) | 3.1 (1.2, 5.0) | 1.0 (0.2, 1.7) | 2.1 (0.6, 3.7) | |||
| Age 34–49 | 4.1 (1.4, 6.8) | 4.9 (2.2, 7.6) | 4.1 (2.5, 5.7) | 4.2 (2.0, 6.5) | 8.1 (5.7, 10.6) | 6.1 (3.8, 8.5) | 2.7 (1.4, 4.1) | 9.6 (6.3, 12.8) | *** | |||
| Age 50+ | 17.7 (9.2, 26.3) | 26.8 (14.7, 38.9) | 11.2 (8.5, 13.9) | 23.6 (17.6, 29.7) | *** | 13.7 (5.5, 21.9) | 17.5 (7.0, 27.9) | 8.7 (6.2, 11.1) | 23.6 (17.9, 29.4) | *** | ||
| Obesity | 18.0 (14.4, 21.7) | 27.7 (24.3, 31.2) | *** | 27.4 (25.3, 29.6) | 25.8 (22.7, 28.9) | 22.9 (20.2, 25.7) | 40.9 (37.3, 44.5) | *** | 26.5 (24.4, 28.7) | 45.0 (41.6, 48.5) | *** | |
| Age 18–33 | 16.1 (9.4, 22.7) | 24.6 (19.9, 29.4) | 20.2 (16.8, 23.5) | 22.7 (17.9, 27.4) | 21.9 (17.7, 26.2) | 35.5 (30.0, 41.0) | *** | 17.8 (14.6, 21.1) | 39.1 (33.7, 44.5) | *** | ||
| Age 34–49 | 16.2 (11.3, 21.1) | 32.2 (26.5, 38.0) | *** | 29.5 (25.7, 33.2) | 25.4 (20.3, 30.5) | *** | 23.7 (19.8, 27.6) | 45.9 (40.8, 51.1) | *** | 29.1 (25.3, 32.8) | 47.2 (41.6, 52.8) | *** |
| Age 50+ | 23.9 (15.1, 32.7) | 26.2 (14.8, 37.6) | 32.7 (28.7, 36.8) | 32.0 (25.5, 38.5) | 23.6 (13.7, 33.5) | 35.0 (21.9, 48.0) | 32.7 (28.7, 36.7) | 52.3 (45.5, 59.2) | *** | |||
| Heart Problems | 12.9 (9.7, 16.1) | 7.5 (5.4, 9.7) | ** | 4.9 (3.9, 5.9) | 4.2 (2.9, 5.6) | 13.3 (11.0, 15.5) | 9.5 (7.4, 11.7) | * | 2.8 (2.1, 3.6) | 4.5 (3.2, 5.9) | * | |
| Age 18–33 | 3.5 (0.5, 6.5) | 4.9 (2.6, 7.3) | 0.5 (0.0, 1.0) | 0.5 (0.0, 1.3) | 7.7 (4.9, 10.5) | 6.2 (3.4, 9.1) | 0.1 (0.0, 0.4) | 0.8 (0.0, 01.8) | ||||
| Age 34–49 | 11.9 (7.3, 16.5) | 8.3 (4.7, 11.9) | 2.5 (1.2, 3.7) | 3.3 (1.2, 5.3) | 15.8 (12.4, 19.2) | 10.7 (7.5, 13.8) | * | 1.9 (0.8, 2.9) | 4.1 (1.9, 6.3) | * | ||
| Age 50+ | 27.1 (17.9, 36.4) | 18.1 (7.3, 28.9) | 13.3 (10.5, 16.1) | 12.6 (8.1, 17.1) | 29.3 (18.7, 39.3) | 22.9 (10.3, 35.4) | 7.1 (5.0, 9.2) | 12.5 (8.1, 17.0) | * | |||
| Asthma | 10.2 (7.4, 13.1) | 13.4 (10.8, 16.1) | 11.2 (9.7, 12.7) | 12.7 (10.4, 15.0) | 21.8 (19.2, 14.5) | 21.6 (18.6, 24.6) | 15.0 (13.3, 16.8) | 14.1 (11.7, 16.4) | ||||
| Age 18–33 | 12.2 (6.5, 17.8) | 13.6 (9.9, 17.3) | 14.6 (11.7, 17.5) | 15.8 (11.8, 19.9) | 21.6 (17.5, 25.8) | 21.7 (17.1, 26.3) | 15.8 (12.8, 18.8) | 16.5 (12.5, 20.4) | ||||
| Age 34–49 | 9.9 (5.8, 14.0) | 13.7 (9.4, 18.1) | 8.2 (6.0, 10.5) | 10.4 (6.8, 14.0) | 22.7 (18.9, 26.4) | 21.8 (17.7, 25.9) | 14.8 (11.9, 17.7) | 10.6 (7.1, 14.1) | ||||
| Age 50+ | 8.5 (2.7, 14.3) | 11.2 (2.6, 19.8) | 11.6 (8.8, 14.3) | 10.8 (6.6, 15.1) | 16.7 (8.4, 25.0) | 19.5 (7.9, 31.1) | 14.5 (11.6, 17.4) | 15.9 (10.9, 21.0) | ||||
| Kidney Problems | 7.7 (5.2, 10.3) | 3.9 (2.4, 5.4) | ** | 1.1 (0.6, 1.6) | 2.9 (1.8, 4.0) | *** | 14.4 (12.0, 16.7) | 9.9 (7.5, 12.2) | ** | 1.3 (0.8, 1.8) | 3.0 (1.8, 4.1) | ** |
| Age 18–33 | 5.2 (1.3, 9.1) | 3.4 (1.4, 5.4) | ** | 0.7 (0.1, 2.3) | 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) | * | 13.4 (9.9, 16.9) | 8.4 (5.1, 11.8) | 1.3 (0.4, 2.3) | 1.4 (0.1, 2.7) | ||
| Age 34–49 | 5.6 (2.4, 8.8) | 4.4 (1.8, 7.0) | 0.6 (0.0, 1.1) | 4.2 (1.9, 6.6) | *** | 14.7 (11.4, 18.1) | 9.9 (6.6, 13.1) | * | 0.7 (0.6, 1.3) | 2.8 (1.0, 4.5) | * | |
| Age 50+ | 16.1 (8.2, 23.9) | 4.8 (0.0, 10.6) | 2.2 (1.0, 3.4) | 5.6 (2.6, 8.6) | * | 17.7 (9.2, 26.2) | 21.3 (8.4, 34.3) | 2.2 (1.1, 3.4) | 6.0 (2.8, 9.3) | * | ||
| Stroke | 5.8 (3.5, 8.2) | 2.7 (1.4, 4.0) | * | 1.0 (0.5, 1.4) | 1.8 (1.0, 2.6) | 6.8 (5.2, 8.4) | 3.5 (2.2, 4.8) | ** | 1.6 (1.0, 2.2) | 2.8 (1.7, 3.9) | * | |
| Age 18–33 | 4.7 (0.9, 8.4) | 1.2 (0.0, 2.5) | * | 0.7 (0.1, 1.2) | 0.2 (0.0, 0.4) | 5.2 (2.8, 7.5) | 1.5 (0.5, 2.6) | ** | 0.8 (0.0, 1.4) | 0.7 (0.0, 1.3) | ||
| Age 34–49 | 5.4 (2.2, 8.7) | 3.1 (0.8, 4.5) | 0.6 (0.0, 1.3) | 2.2 (0.5, 3.8) | 7.3 (5.0, 9.5) | 4.6 (2.3, 6.9) | 1.6 (0.5, 2.6) | 1.9 (0.4, 3.5) | ||||
| Age 50+ | 8.2 (2.5, 13.9) | 9.1 (1.2, 17.0) | 1.9 (1.0, 2.9) | 4.1 (1.6, 6.7) | 13.6 (5.9, 21.3) | 10.7 (1.4, 20.0) | 2.8 (1.5, 4.1) | 8.9 (4.9, 12.9) | *** | |||
| Arthritis | 21.7 (17.6, 25.8) | 10.1 (7.7, 12.6) | *** | 16.9 (15.1, 18.6) | 11.7 (9.6, 13.9) | *** | 25.7 (22.9, 28.6) | 22.0 (18.9, 25.1) | 20.6 (18.7, 22.5) | 18.0 (15.4, 20.5) | ||
| Age 18–33 | 11.1 (5.6, 16.6) | 4.2 (2.0, 6.4) | * | 5.5 (3.5, 7.5) | 2.5 (0.7, 4.2) | * | 11.9 (8.6, 15.3) | 12.6 (8.7, 16.4) | 5.7 (3.8, 7.6) | 6.5 (3.6, 9.3) | ||
| Age 34–49 | 21.0 (15.3, 26.6) | 12.5 (8.3, 16.8) | * | 15.8 (12.8, 18.7) | 10.0 (6.5, 13.5) | * | 33.7 (29.4, 38.0) | 25.7 (21.1, 30.2) | * | 17.5 (14.4, 20.6) | 16.3 (12.3, 20.4) | |
| Age 50+ | 37.1 (27.2, 46.9) | 32.5 (20.6, 44.5) | 31.1 (27.2, 35.1) | 31.1 (24.7, 37.4) | 53.7 (42.1, 65.4) | 57.0 (42.8, 71.1) | 41.1 (37.1, 45.2) | 42.9 (36.2, 49.7) | ||||
| All-Cause Cancer | 4.6 (2.6, 6.6) | 0.6 (0.0, 1.2) | *** | 5.0 (3.9, 6.0) | 2.1 (1.2, 3.0) | *** | 13.1 (10.9, 15.2) | 3.3 (2.1, 4.5) | *** | 8.4 (7.1, 9.7) | 4.3 (2.9, 5.6) | *** |
| Age 18–33 | 0.3 (0.0, 1.1) | 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) | ** | 0.3 (0.0, 0.7) | 0.4 (0.0, 1.2) | 8.3 (5.6, 10.9) | 2.7 (0.9, 4.5) | ** | 2.3 (0.9, 3.7) | 2.1 (0.6, 3.7) | ||
| Age 34–49 | 2.9 (0.6, 5.2) | 0.9 (0.0, 2.1) | 3.7 (2.1, 5.3) | 1.4 (0.0, 2.8) | 16.7 (13.3, 20.1) | 3.4 (1.8, 5.0) | *** | 7.4 (5.3, 9.5) | 5.3 (2.7, 7.8) | |||
| Age 50+ | 14.1 (6.9, 21.2) | 2.1 (0.0, 5.5) | * | 11.9 (9.3, 14.6) | 6.1 (3.3, 9.0) | * | 16.3 (8.5, 24.2) | 6.4 (0.8, 23.9) | 16.5 (13.4, 19.5) | 6.4 (3.1, 9.6) | *** | |
| Sexually Transmitted Infection | 23.8 (11.6, 36.0) | 34.9 (24.3, 45.4) | *** | 6.5 (5.2, 7.8) | 8.4 (6.1, 10.8) | 13.4 (11.2, 15.5) | 20.1 (17.1, 23.1) | *** | 10.8 (9.0, 12.7) | 14.0 (11.6, 16.5) | * | |
| Age 18–33 | 9.5 (4.2, 14.8) | 15.1 (11.2, 19.0) | 5.2 (3.3, 7.2) | 9.0 (5.4, 12.6) | 15.8 (12.3, 19.3) | 20.5 (15.9, 25.1) | 10.4 (7.6, 13.2) | 16.6, 12.1, 21.1) | * | |||
| Age 34–49 | 7.3 (3.7, 11.0) | 18.4 (13.6, 23.3) | *** | 7.0 (4.9, 9.2) | 8.1 (4.7, 11.5) | 12.2 (9.2, 15.2) | 21.6 (17.4, 25.8) | *** | 12.6 (9.7, 15.5) | 12.3 (8.5, 16.0) | ||
| Age 50+ | 5.1 (0.7, 9.5) | 15.0 (5.2, 24.7) | * | 7.2 (4.5, 10.0) | 7.9 (3.1, 12.8) | 5.6 (1.4, 9.8) | 6.4 (1.4, 11.4) | 8.9 (6.1, 11.8) | 12.5 (7.1, 17.9) | |||
Percentages are adjusted with sampling weights.
Incarcerated data from the 2004 Survey of Inmates in State and Federal Correctional Facilities.
Noninstitutionalized data from the 2002 & 2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
*
p≤0.05;
**
p≤0.01;
***
p≤0.001