Table 1. . Pharmacological properties of dichloroacetate.

Property	Mechanism	Ref.
Increased OXPHOS and bioenergetics	↓ PDK ↑ PDC	[2,10]
Decreased blood glucose in fasting or diabetes	↓ PDK ↑ PDC	[4]
Decreased blood and CSF lactate	↓ PDK ↑ PDC	[19]
Decreased blood total and LDL cholesterol	↓ HMG CoA reductase → ↓ cholesterol synthesis	[6,7]
Decreased blood triglycerides and VLDL cholesterol	↓ hepatic TG synthesis → ↓ VLDL syntheis	[4]
Reversal of Warburg effect in cancer, PAH and other proliferative conditions	↓ PDK ↑ PDC	[20]

CSF: Cerebrospinal fluid; HMG CoA: Hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein; OXPHOS: Oxidative phosphorylation; PAH: Pulmonary arterial hypertension; PDC: Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex; PDK: Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase; TG: Triglyceride; VLDL: Very low-density lipoprotein.