Table 1. . Comparison of modalities of detection for cancer therapy-induced cardiotoxicity^†.

	Echocardiography			Radionuclide angiogram	Cardiac magnetic resonance	Blood biomarkers
	2D	3D	Strain			Troponin	Natriuretic peptides
Measure(s)	LVEF; volumes	LVEF; volumes	Myocardial deformation	LVEF; volumes	LVEF; volumes; myocardial damage/deformation	Myocardial injury	Myocardial stretch/stress
Availability	++++	+++	+++	+++	+	++++	++++
Cost	Low			Medium	Medium	Low
Reproducibility	++	+++	+++	++++	++++	++++	++++
Cardiac structure†
Temporal resolution	++++			+	+++	–	–
Spatial resolution	++			+	+++	–	–
Myocardial function‡
Systolic	+++	+++(+)	++++	++++	++++	–	–
Diastolic	++++	+	++++	–	++	–	–
Tissue characterization	+	–	–	–	++++	–	–
Potential to detect subclinical cardiac toxicity	Low	Low	Moderate-high	Low	Moderate	High	Unknown

Increasing ‘+’ corresponds to increasing efficacy. – corresponds to not available.

^†Cardiac structure includes visualization and quantification of cardiac chambers (dimension), myocardium (thickness) and valves (mobility, regurgitation, stenosis).

^‡Myocardial function includes visualization and quantification of systolic function (e.g., LVEF, strain, strain rate, stroke volume etc.) and diastolic function (e.g., diastolic grade/pattern).

LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction.

Adapted with permission from [36].