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. 2017 Jul 6;7(10):2673–2689. doi: 10.7150/thno.18915

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Decreased pro-osteogenesis function in LP MSC-MVs than EP MSC-MVs. (A) Alizarin Red staining of the dose-dependent assay of EP MSC-MVs (2.5, 5 and 10 μg/ml) on osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. (B) Percentage of alizarin red-positive area over total area. n = 3. (C) Alizarin Red staining of the mineralization of BMSCs, EP, and LP MSC-MVs (10μg/ml, once a day for 14 days). n = 3. (D) Real-time PCR showing the expression of ALP, RUNX2, and OCN in BMSCs. n = 4. Dilution of MSC-MVs using LG-DMEM medium, LG-DMEM medium-treated cells serving as a control. Each experiment was confirmed in four different donors and the representative data are shown. Abbreviations: EP: early passage; LP: late passage.