Lymphoid
|
| Cytotoxic T lymphocyte |
CD3, CD8 |
Recognise and lyse target cells through release of perforin and granzymes. Activated by dendritic cell antigen presentation via major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Class I antigen to T cell receptor. Apoptosis is induced in cells expressing specific antigen |
| Regulatory T lymphocyte (also called suppressor T cells) |
CD3, CD4, CD25, FOXP3 |
Serve to maintain tolerant to self antigens; inhibit dendritic cell function of antigen presentation and thus inhibits both the expansion and the differentiation of T effector cells. Polyclonal Tregs appear to modulate differentiation and cell trafficking |
| T helper lymphocyte (Th cell) |
CD4 |
Help to modulate immune responses. Activate and promote growth of cytotoxic T cells; maximise activity of phagocytes through interaction with MHC Class II; role in B cell antibody class switching (e.g., from immunoglobulin-M to immunoglobulin-G) |
| Natural killer cell (NK) |
CD16, CD56 |
A subset of cytotoxic lymphocytes that can be activated in the absence of MHC Class I antigen presentation, thus an important component of the innate immune system |
Myeloid
|
| Dendritic cells |
CD40 |
Act to process and present antigen on MHC Class I, and via co-stimulatory molecules they serve to activate T lymphocytes |
| Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) |
CD11b, CD66b |
Pathologically activated immature myeloid cells, with morphological and phenotypical similarity to mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells. Prevent activation of T cells and have a role in promoting tumour growth and metastasis |
| Macrophages |
CD68 |
Part of the innate immune defence with phagocytic capacity, and also have a role in adaptive immunity through activation of other immune cells via cytokine release. M1 macrophages are pro-inflammatory (largely driven by interferon (IFN)-gamma); M2 macrophages release anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL4, IL10, TGF-beta and nuture tolerance |
