Table 1.
Comparison of characteristics of CBT-E, BWLT and HAPIFED
| Treatment components Included | CBT-E [4] | BWLT [9] | HAPIFED [4] |
|---|---|---|---|
| Personalised eating disorder CBT formulation | Yes, for eating disorder only | No | #Yes, for eating disorder and overweight/obesity |
| Psycho-education | Yes, for eating disorder only | Yes, for overweight/obesity only | Yes, for eating disorder and overweight/obesity |
| Nutritional counselling | Yes, not dietician led | Yes, dietician led | Yes, dietician led |
| Behavioural monitoring | Yes | Yes | Yes (including appetite cues) |
| Socratic questioning (cognitive therapy) | Yes | No | Yes |
| Multidisciplinary | No | Yes | Yes |
| Session (number) | 20 | 16 | 20* |
| Weight loss management included | No | Yes | Yes |
| Behavioural activation | No | Yes | Yes |
| “Healthy” exercise promoted | No | Yes | Yes |
| Emotion regulation skills | Yes | No | Yes |
# This includes the role of dietary restriction in contributing to binge eating. *In the modifications made to HAPIFED subsequent to this study, the session number has been increased to 30. This table was adapted from Palavras et al. Trials. 2015 [41]. CBT-E = Cognitive behaviour therapy – enhanced; BWLT = Behavioral Weight Loss Therapy; HAPIFED = a Healthy APproach to weIght management and Food in Eating Disorders