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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Pediatr. 2017 May 25;187:295–302.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.04.044

Table 2.

State variation of key predictors for fatal crashes involving a child passenger, 2010–2014

State No restraint use/misuse (%) On rural road (%) Vehicle type van (%) On state highway (%) Speed limit 65–80 mph (%) Red light camera policy
Midwest 21 71 20 27 25 --
 Illinois 22 45 21 29 11 Limited
 Indiana 19 72 27 29 15 No law
 Iowa 24 71 33 11 20 No law
 Kansas 25 77 15 14 43 No law
 Michigan 9 54 21 24 12 No law
 Minnesota 21 74 19 28 17 No law
 Missouri 20 62 13 49 19 Limited
 Nebraska 34 86 15 15 41 No law
 North Dakota 25 93 22 24 47 No law
 Ohio 14 62 17 34 9 Limited
 South Dakota 30 87 13 28 61 No law
 Wisconsin 10 68 25 41 10 Prohibited
Northeast 11 50 18 44 11 --
 Connecticut 10 20 11 39 15 No law
 Maine 5 100 31 50 0 Prohibited
 Massachusetts 13 17 25 36 23 No law
 New Hampshire 2 50 15 53 10 Prohibited
 New Jersey 13 18 20 26 14 Prohibited
 New York 11 72 21 33 14 Limited
 Pennsylvania 15 59 20 58 7 Limited
 Rhode Island 17 17 6 56 0 Permitted
 Vermont 18 100 11 46 14 No law
South 23 63 11 37 20 --
 Alabama 33 64 9 26 23 Limited
 Arkansas 17 83 9 43 20 Prohibited
 Delaware 33 58 6 67 6 Permitted
 Florida 16 39 15 30 20 Permitted
 Georgia 23 48 13 38 17 Permitted
 Kentucky 16 77 12 57 12 No law
 Louisiana 32 51 8 51 13 Limited
 Maryland 15 40 20 49 8 Permitted
 Mississippi 38 81 5 29 32 Prohibited
 North Carolina 15 71 14 30 12 Limited
 Oklahoma 23 66 8 30 46 No law
 South Carolina 19 79 13 40 18 Prohibited
 Tennessee 21 53 12 32 13 Permitted
 Texas 21 55 7 20 41 Limited
 Virginia 26 66 17 22 14 Limited
 West Virginia 21 67 11 30 24 Prohibited
West 22 63 10 32 37 --
 Alaska 14 62 0 76 19 No law
 Arizona 24 41 14 13 42 Permitted
 California 13 46 14 27 32 Permitted
 Colorado 26 50 11 22 36 Permitted
 Hawaii 20 50 4 84 0 No law
 Idaho 23 75 14 20 43 No law
 Montana 30 92 8 21 73 Prohibited
 Nevada 23 45 14 25 41 Prohibited
 New Mexico 32 76 14 18 46 Limited
 Oregon 13 77 12 27 9 Permitted
 Utah 23 51 8 36 38 No law
 Washington 5 59 14 33 17 Limited
 Wyoming 37 89 9 16 80 No law
U.S. Overall 20 62 14 35 24 --
mph, miles per hour