Table 2. Comparison of Failed and Successful Extubation groups.
| Failed Extubation | Successful Extubation | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n = 34 | n = 561 | ||
| Age (years) | 69.5 ± 11.4 | 63.2 ± 16.0 | 0.004 |
| Male [n (%)] | 20 (58.8) | 383 (68.3%) | 0.253 |
| Body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2) | 28.0 ± 2.3 | 28.5 ± 3.9 | 0.422 |
| Overweight (BMI: 25–29.9) [n (%)] | 28 (82.4) | 430 (76.6) | 0.443 |
| Obese (BM I≥ 30) [n (%)] | 6 (17.6) | 131 (23.4) | 0.443 |
| Medical department [n (%)] | 14 (41.2) | 255 (45.5) | 0.626 |
| Severity | |||
| APACHE II | 18.2 ± 7.3 | 18.1 ± 6.8 | 0.935 |
| TISS Scale | 30.7 ± 9.0 | 28.9 ± 7.8 | 0.191 |
| Glasgow coma scale | 11.7 ± 4.0 | 11.2 ± 3.6 | 0.409 |
| Number of comorbidities | 1.4 ± 1.0 | 1.2 ± 0.9 | 0.343 |
| Comorbidity [n (%)] | |||
| End-stage renal disease | 17 (50.0) | 34 (6.1) | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus (DM) | 15 (44.1) | 212 (37.8) | 0.461 |
| Stroke | 12 (35.3) | 140 (25.0) | 0.180 |
| Coronary artery disease (CAD) | 9 (26.5) | 165 (29.4) | 0.714 |
| Cancer | 5 (14.7) | 77 (13.7) | 0.872 |
| COPD | 3 (8.8) | 57 (10.2) | 0.802 |
| Liver cirrhosis | 0 (0) | 18 (3.2) | 0.289 |
| Cause of respiratory failure [n (%)] | |||
| Pulmonary system | 6 (17.6) | 138 (24.6) | 0.358 |
| Cardiovascular system | 15 (44.1) | 118 (21.0) | 0.002 |
| Neurological system | 8 (23.5) | 133 (23.7) | 0.981 |
| Renal system | 3 (8.8) | 36 (6.4) | 0.582 |
| Gastrointestinal system | 2 (5.9) | 87 (15.5) | 0.126 |
| Others | 0 (0) | 48(8.6) | 0.075 |
| Intubation period before extubation (h) | 188.6 ± 112.6 | 180.4 ± 134.9 | 0.729 |
| Parameter before extubation | |||
| Respiratory rate (breaths/min) | 18.7 ± 5.4 | 17.9 ± 5.1 | 0.401 |
| Tidal volume (mL) | 429.9 ± 162.3 | 459.2 ± 161.7 | 0.312 |
| Minute ventilation (L/min) | 9.30 ± 4.08 | 9.38 ± 3.11 | 0.889 |
| RSBI (breaths/min/L) | 57.6 ± 27.0 | 53.6 ± 26.4 | 0.402 |
| MIP (cm H2O) | -30.7 ± 12.0 | -41.7 ± 15.0 | 0.001 |
| MEP (cm H2O) | 32.8 ± 9.1 | 65.8 ± 30.4 | 0.001 |
| Cuff leak test | |||
| N | 2 (5.9) | 18 (3.2) | 0.401 |
| + | 6 (17.6) | 81 (14.4) | 0.607 |
| ++ | 26 (76.5) | 432 (77.0) | 0.943 |
| Laboratory examinations | |||
| pH | 7.441 ± 0.048 | 7.446 ± 0.046 | 0.534 |
| PaCO2 (mmHg) | 37.1 ± 5.2 | 39.0 ± 6.2 | 0.082 |
| PaO2 (mmHg) | 89.3 ± 27.6 | 91.7 ± 23.6 | 0.577 |
| PaO2/FiO2 (mmHg) | 296.3 ± 112.2 | 326.7 ± 90.9 | 0.070 |
| Hemoglobin (Hb) (g/dl) | 11.1 ± 2.0 | 11.1 ± 2.0 | 0.960 |
| Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (mg/dl) | 43.5 ± 39.3 | 28.5 ± 23.9 | 0.040 |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 2.40 ± 2.17 | 1.62 ± 2.10 | 0.058 |
| Albumin (mg/dl) | 2.9 ± 0.5 | 2.8 ± 0.6 | 0.264 |
Categorical variables are expressed as n (%) and continuous variables as means ± standard deviation (SD).
APACHE: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; TISS: Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; RSBI: rapid shallow breathing index; MIP: maximum inspiratory pressure; MEP: maximum expiratory pressure; PaCO2: partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood; PaO2: partial oxygen tension in arterial blood; FiO2: fractional concentration of oxygen in inspired gas.