Fig. S3.

Onset-relative composite time series of area-weighted 5-d mean CAPE (red lines) and CINE (blue lines) calculated from daily $1^{\circ }\times 1^{\circ }$ AIRS profiles of temperature and water vapor during ascending (daytime) (A) and descending (nighttime) (B) orbits. Larger values of CAPE indicate greater convective instability, whereas larger values of CINE indicate a larger energetic barrier to convection. Note different ranges of the CINE axis between A and B. Mean evolution of daytime values are shown in B to facilitate comparison. Uncertainties represent interannual variability across six dry-to-wet transition seasons.