Table 2.
Baseline Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Participants.
| Variable | Total Baseline (N = 61) n (%) |
Gabby Baseline (N = 31) n (%) |
Control Baseline (N = 30) n (%) |
p-valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (23–50) | μ = 35 (σ = 8.4) | μ = 33 (σ = 8.1) | μ = 37 (σ = 8.4) | 0.08 |
| Race | 0.78 | |||
| White | 31 (51) | 15 (48) | 16 (53) | |
| Black | 16 (26) | 8 (26) | 8 (27) | |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 1 (2) | 1 (3) | 0 (0) | |
| Other | 13 (21) | 7 (23) | 6 (20) | |
| Ethnicity | 0.22 | |||
| Hispanic | 12 (20) | 8 (26) | 13 (4) | |
| Non-Hispanic | 49 (80) | 23 (74) | 87 (26) | |
| Language | 0.79 | |||
| English | 51 (84) | 26 (84) | 83 (25) | |
| Spanish | 7 (11) | 3 (10) | 14 (4) | |
| Other | 3 (5) | 2 (7) | 3 (1) | |
| Education | 0.38 | |||
| High School/GED | 13 (21) | 8 (26) | 17 (5) | |
| College | 48 (79) | 23 (74) | 83 (25) | |
| Work | 0.32 | |||
| Full/Part Time | 54 (89) | 28 (90) | 86 (26) | |
| Unemployed | 5 (8) | 3 (10) | 7 (2) | |
| Disabled | 2 (3) | 0 (0) | 7 (2) | |
| Income | 0.88 | |||
| Less than $10K | 6 (10) | 3 (10) | 10 (3) | |
| $10K–$49K | 21 (34) | 12 (38) | 30 (9) | |
| $50K–$99K | 15 (25) | 8 (26) | 23 (7) | |
| $100K or more | 13 (21) | 5 (16) | 27 (8) | |
| Refuse/Don’t Know | 6 (10) | 3 (10) | 10 (3) | |
| BMI | μ = 28 (σ = 6.6) | μ = 27 (σ = 5.6) | μ = 29 (σ = 7.5) | 0.37 |
| Pain Score | μ = 3 (σ = 3) | μ = 3 (σ = 3.4) | μ= 3 (σ = 2.6) | 0.97 |
| PHQ-9 Score | μ = 7 (σ = 4.6) | μ = 7 (σ = 4.7) | μ = 7 (σ = 4.6) | 0.82 |
| SF-12 | ||||
| PCS Score | μ = 56 (σ = 10.2) | μ = 56 (σ = 10.8) | μ = 56 (σ = 9.6) | 0.95 |
| MCS Score | μ = 59 (σ = 10.7) | μ = 61 (σ = 11.6) | μ = 59 (σ = 9.8) | 0.46 |
| Health Conditions that Cause Pain | 0.71 | |||
| Yes | 27 (44) | 13 (42) | 14 (47) | |
| Chronic Health Problems | 0.52 | |||
| Yes | 18 (30) | 8 (26) | 10 (33) | |
| Take Prescribed Medications | 0.93 | |||
| Yes | 41 (67) | 21 (68) | 20 (67) | |
| Smoking | 0.98 | |||
| Yes | 2 (3) | 1 (3) | 1 (3) | |
| Alcohol Use | 0.30 | |||
| Yes | 43 (70) | 20 (65) | 23 (77) |
a
Continuous variables were analyzed using two-sample t-tests and categorical/dichotomous variables were analyzed using Chi-square tests of independence.