TABLE 2.

Adjusted weight-for-age and length-for-age z score differences associated with class-specific antibiotic use in the first 6 months of life among 1954 children in the MAL-ED birth cohort

Antibiotic class exposure in first 6 months of life	Number exposed (%)(N = 1954†)	Adjusted* WAZ difference(95% CI)	Number exposed (%)(N = 1689†)	Adjusted* LAZ difference(95% CI)
Metronidazole
1 Course	170 (8.7)	0.14 (−0.01, 0.29)	109 (6.5)	0.00 (−0.15, 0.16)
2+ Courses	106 (5.4)	0.24 (0.04, 0.43)	11 (0.7)	0.02 (−0.35, 0.40)
Macrolides
1 Course	258 (13.2)	0.09 (−0.03, 0.21)	206 (12.2)	0.07 (−0.05, 0.18)
2+ Courses	114 (5.8)	0.23 (0.05, 0.42)	87 (5.2)	−0.00 (−0.20, 0.19)
Cephalosporins
1 Course	244 (12.5)	0.03 (−0.09, 0.16)	182 (10.8)	0.02 (−0.11, 0.14)
2+ Courses	249 (12.7)	0.19 (0.04, 0.35)	106 (6.3)	0.19 (0.01, 0.37)
Penicillins
1 Course	450 (23.0)	0.09 (−0.02, 0.19)	382 (22.6)	−0.04 (−0.13, 0.06)
2+ Courses	457 (23.4)	0.07 (−0.04, 0.18)	373 (22.1)	−0.00 (−0.11, 0.10)
Fluoroquinolones (any)	66 (3.4)	0.08 (−0.14, 0.30)	57 (3.4)	0.05 (−0.16, 0.27)
Sulfonamides (any)	228 (11.7)	0.03 (−0.09, 0.15)	155 (9.2)	−0.02 (−0.14, 0.11)

LAZ = length-for-age z score; WAZ = weight-for-age z score.

^*Adjusted for other antibiotic classes included in the table, site, child sex, enrollment WAZ, Water, Assets, Maternal education, Income (WAMI) score, crowding (people/room in household), maternal height, maternal education, and characteristics of the child's first 6 months of life: percent days exclusively breast-fed; number of diarrhea episodes; days with fever, vomiting, and respiratory illness; and presence of acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI), bloody stools, and hospitalization. LAZ difference is also adjusted for enrollment LAZ.

^†Children who were followed in the MAL-ED birth cohort until at least 6 months of age with subsequent anthropometry. LAZ difference estimates exclude Pakistan.