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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Ann Hum Biol. 2016 Apr 27;44(2):108–120. doi: 10.3109/03014460.2016.1168867

Table 1.

Contributing study characteristics

Study Participants/Data Collection Inclusion Exclusion Pubertal Staging
Energy Balance in Non-obese Children with Down Syndrome Down syndrome n = 24
Typically developing n = 33
Age 3–13 years
Longitudinal data collected at visit 0, 12, 24, and 36 months.
Multiple observations per subject.
2001 to 2005		 At least two prepubertal children per family at enrollment.

  • 3–10 years at enrollment

  • One child with Down syndrome and one typically developing child

 Other significant chronic conditions affecting growth or energy balance Prepubertal status confirmed at baseline via parental assisted, self-assessment questionnaire(Morris and Udry, 1980)
Down Syndrome Metabolic Health Study Down syndrome n = 35
Age 10–20 years
Single visit
2013		 Down syndrome Major organ system illness (except type 2 diabetes mellitus)
Cyanotic congenital heart disease
Pulmonary hypertension
Pregnancy
Genetic syndrome known to affect glucose tolerance
Familial hypercholesterolemia		 Physical exam by pediatric endocrinologist
Reference Project on Skeletal Development n = 802
Age 5–19 years
Single visit
2000 to 2007		 Healthy, typically developing child
Age ≥ 5 years		 History of illness or medication use that may affect growth, nutritional status, or pubertal development Pubertal status confirmed at baseline via validated self-assessment questionnaire(Morris and Udry, 1980)
Glucocorticoid Induced Osteopenia in Children Nephrotic syndrome n = 67
Crohn disease n =128
Longitudinal data collected at visit 0, 6, and 12 months.
Multiple observations per subject.
2001–2005		 Age 5 – 21 years
Steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome according to ISKDC criteria, treated at CHOP.
Newly diagnosed or prevalent biopsy-proven CD		 Decreased renal function
Any history of a condition or treatment affecting bone health, growth and nutrition, unrelated to nephrotic syndrome or Crohn disease		 Pubertal status confirmed at baseline via validated self-assessment questionnaire(Morris and Udry, 1980)

n, number of participants CHOP, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia