Table 3. Univariate analysis of recent illicit drug use stratified by gender. PESSOAS Project, 2006–2007, Brazil. (n = 2,475).

Characteristic	Total*	Men (n = 1,198)					Total*	Women (n = 1 ,277)
		Drug use		OR	95%CI	p		Drug use		OR	95%CI	p
		n	%					n	%
Sociodemographic
Age (years old)
< 40	594	168	28.3	5.28	3.68–7.57	0.000	530	45	8.5	2.57	1.56–4.23	0.000
≥ 40	604	42	6.9	1.00			747	26	3.5	1.00
Skin color
Non-white	613	108	17.6	1.01	0.75–1.36	0.945	587	38	6.5	1.37	0.85–2.22	0.190
White	584	102	17.5	1.00			689	33	4.8	1.00
Marital status
Single/Separated/Divorced/Widowed	907	181	20.0	2.24	1.48–3.40	0.000	746	47	6.3	1.42	0.86–2.35	0.171
Married/Common-law marriage/Other	290	29	10.0	1.00			531	24	4.5	1.00
Schooling (years)
< 5	593	146	24.6	2.76	2.00–3.80	0.000	660	45	6.8	1.66	1.01–2.73	0.042
≥ 5	605	64	10.6	1.00			617	26	4.2	1.00
Income in last 6 months
Yes	483	85	17.6	0.99	0.74–1.35	0.979	449	28	6.2	1.21	0.74–1.98	0.446
No	708	125	17.7	1.00			825	43	5.2
Housing
Unstable	209	24	11.5	0.56	0.35–0.88	0.011	109	6	5.5	1.00	0.42–2.38	0.994
Stable	987	186	18.8	1.00			1,166	64	5.5	1.00
Profess any religion
Yes	935	167	17.9	1.00			1,118	55	4.9	1.00
No	253	43	17.0	0.94	0.65–1.36	0.749	155	16	10.3	2.22	1.24–3.99	0.006
Clinical
Main psychiatric diagnosis
SMI	731	125	17.1	0.93	0.68–1.26	0.641	682	41	6.0	1.20	0.74–1.96	0.450
Non-SMI	467	85	18.2	1.00			595	30	5.0	1.00
Psychiatric hospitalization
Current	537	145	27.0	3.98	2.45–6.47	0.000	361	41	11.3	6.10	3.09–12.05	0.000
Prior	411	44	10.7	1.29	0.75–2.23	0.360	378	19	5.0	2.52	1.19–5.36	0.016
Never admitted	247	21	8.5	1.00			535	11	2.1	1.00
Self-reported medical comorbidity
Yes	483	89	18.4	1.09	0.80–1.48	0.587	626	27	4.3	0.61	0.37–1.00	0.048
No	700	120	17.4	1.00			641	44	6.9	1.00
History of STI
Yes	311	76	24.4	1.77	1.29–2.44	0.000	257	23	8.9	1.96	1.17–3.28	0.009
No	869	134	15.4	1.00			1,003	48	4.8	1.00
Risk behavior
Tobacco use (ever)
Yes	970	210	17.6	6.22	3.13–12.33	0.000	798	63	7.9	4.95	2.35–10.42	0.000
No	223	9	4.0	1.00			470	8	1.7	1.00
Alcohol use (ever)
Yes	924	197	21.3	5.34	2.99–9.52	0.000	667	58	8.7	4.29	2.32–7.90	0.000
No	269	13	4.83	1.00			598	13	2.2	1.00
History of homelessness
Yes	255	78	30.6	2.72	1.97–3.77	0.000	189	24	12.7	3.17	1.89–5.32	0.000
No	934	130	13.9	1.00			1,071	47	4.4	1.00
Physical violence
Yes	695	166	23.9	3.33	2.33–4.76	0.000	736	56	7.6	3.07	1.69–5.58	0.000
No	499	43	8.6	1.00			536	14	2.6	1.00
Sexual violence
Yes	150	38	25.3	1.74	1.16–2.59	0.000	339	34	10.0	2.9	1.79–4.80	0.000
No	1,040	170	16.4	1.00			928	34	3.7	1.00
History of incarceration
Yes	493	136	27.6	3.33	2.43–4.55	0.000	135	23	17.0	4.75	2.78–8.12	0.000
No	701	72	10.3	1.00			1,135	47	4.1	1.00
Age of first sexual intercourse
< 18 years old	632	156	24.7	2.27	1.57–3.28	0.000	561	55	9.8	4.15	2.28–7.55	0.000
≥ 18 years old	341	43	12.6	1.00			548	14	2.6
Number of sexual partners
Only one or never had sex	292	12	4.1	1.00			513	5	1.0	1.00
Two or more	832	188	22.6	6.81	3.73–12.41	0.000	691	63	9.1	10.19	4.07–25.53	0.000
Unprotected sex
Yes	909	183	20.1	2.63	1.68–4.13	0.000	1,055	66	6.3	4.58	1.43–14.72	0.005
No	275	24	8.7	1.00			209	3	1.4	1.00

SMI: Severe mental illness

* Total values vary because of missing observations.