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. 2017 Aug 16;7:8465. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-08721-4

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Modulation of the muscle afferent dynamic responses over the conditions for the full group of units (left) and a sub-set with the additional no music condition (right). The top graphs show the overall changes in instantaneous firing frequency (delta). (a) A significant increase in delta was found during the sad condition, over the neutral and happy conditions for all units, which was also found in (b) the sub-set with the additional no music condition. Means with SEM are shown. The bottom row shows the spread of the population. (c) The distribution of delta (as a percentage) in comparison to the neutral music condition for all units. (d) The same distributions are shown for the sub-set of units with the no music condition. In both (c) and (d), the delta in the sad condition was significantly increased. *p < 0.05.