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. 2017 Aug 15;8:545. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00545

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Copyright © 2017 Sun, Yuan, Xu, Yao, Feng, Ma, Wang, Lu and Wang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effects of pioglitazone on ETC and mitochondrial dynamics in TGF-β1-exposed HK-2 cells. TGF-β1 induced downregulation of ETC proteins ATP β, COX I and NDUFB8 in the renal tissue (A) and downregulation of COX I in isolated mitochondria (B). In addition, mitochondrial fusion proteins Opa-1 and Mfn2 were decreased and fusion protein Drp1 was increased in isolated mitochondria from the TGF-β1-exposed HK-2 cells (C). Treatment of pioglitazone normalized the expressions of these proteins in a PPARγ-dependent manner. n = 3. ^∗∗P < 0.01, ^NSP > 0.05.