Table 2.

Comparisons of demographic and clinical characteristics between smoking and non-smoking groups by diagnoses.

	Schizophrenia (n = 449)				Bipolar disorder (n = 464)				Major depressive disorders (n = 189)
	Non-Smoking (n = 366)		Smoking (n = 83)		Non-Smoking (n = 383)		Smoking (n = 81)		Non-Smoking (n = 169)		Smoking (n = 20)
	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
Male gender	121	33.1	76	91.6**	87	22.7	61	75.3**	39	23.1	17	85.0**
Married/cohabitating	124	33.9	31	37.3	167	43.6	40	49.4	118	69.8	13	65.0
First episode	66	18.0	23	27.7*	97	25.3	16	19.8	59	34.9	3	15.0
Living alone	24	6.6	10	12.0	19	5.0	14	17.3*	11	6.5	1	5.0
Personal income (>3000 RMB)	48	13.1	16	19.3	86	22.5	32	39.5*	40	23.7	6	30.0
Health insurance	223	60.9	56	67.5	201	52.5	67	82.7*	109	64.5	12	60.0
Major medical conditions	62	16.9	15	18.1	56	14.6	16	19.8	50	29.6	5	25.0
Family history of psychiatric disorders	123	33.6	28	33.7	119	31.1	30	37.0	36	21.3	5	25.0
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
Age (years)	34.2	13.0	36.1	11.8	32.8	13.6	37.1**	11.6	46.3	15.9	38.1*	14.7
Education (years)	12.1	3.1	11.2*	3.1	12.3	3.2	11.6	3.0	11.2	3.9	11.7	2.8
Age of onset (years)	24.1	10.0	25.6	8.6	25.6	10.9	28.8*	9.6	39.6	15.4	31.2*	14.1
Length of illness (years)	10.3	10.3	9.6	9.1	7.4	8.9	7.4	9.4	6.7	9.1	6.5	6.6
Number of admissions	2.8	2.4	3.4	3.0	2.4	2.0	2.6	2.4	1.9	1.3	1.7	0.9
SCL90 total	158.1	57.8	188.9*	200.5	155.1	84.4	173.2	62.2	168.6	68.7	185.6	67.1
SF-12 Physical	57.5	15.5	54.1	16.5	58.1	17.3	57.8	16.6	62.1	16.5	65.4	13.2
SF-12 Mental	42.9	18.4	43.6	19.4	42.3	18.9	42.8	18.9	37.7	19.8	43.4	14.0

*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; SCL-90 = Symptom Checklist-90; SF-12 = Medical Outcomes Study Short Form.