Fig. 2.

Signaling in primary tumor and metastasis based upon mitochondrial bioenergetic profile. Large primary tumors express high levels of PCG1α in a component of their cells. Respiratory cells have both motile and non-motile components. Non-motile components have increased susceptibility to chemotherapy and radiation and represent, in part, the initial population that responds to chemotherapy and radiation. After maximal response, a glycolytic slow growing population is left behind, as well as motile respiratory cells that give rise to metastasis. These metastatic cells may maintain respiration through elevated levels of ClpXP. Once metastatic cells reach a niche, they can reform a mixed population of respiratory and glycolytic cells. Acknowledgement and credit to Brian C. Brockway, M.S., Medical Media, Atlanta VA Medical Center