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. 2017 Aug 16;7:8408. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-08945-4

Table 2.

Data Comparison Between Patients With and Without RSU

Patients without RSU (n = 227) Patients with RSU (n = 11) p value
Male (n) 205 (90.3) 11 (100) 0.606
Age (years) 64.6 ± 13.7 60.8 ± 13.8 0.243
Hypertension 167 (73.6) 9 (81.8) 0.733
Diabetes mellitus 86 (37.9) 7 (63.6) 0.115
Dyslipidemia 122 (53.7) 9 (81.8) 0.117
History of CABG 20 (8.8) 1 (9.1) 1.000
Prior PCI 59 (26.0) 11 (100) <0.001
Variables in index PCI
No. of diseased vessel 0.253
 Single vessel disease 22 (9.7) 3 (27.3)
 Double vessel disease 67 (29.5) 2 (18.2)
 Three vessel disease 107 (47.1) 6 (54.5)
Othersa 31 (13.7) 1 (9.1)
Approach 0.253
 TRA 93 (41.0) 3 (27.3)
 TFA 63 (27.8) 5 (45.5)
 TRA plus TFA 41 (18.1) 0 (0)
 TFA plus TFA 29 (12.8) 3 (27.3)
 Othersb 1 (0.4) 0 (0)
GC technique
 Single/Double (n/n) 156/71 7/4 0.745
Single target CTO vessel 0.006
 RCA 84 (37.0) 7 (63.6)
 LAD 65 (28.6) 0 (0)
 LCX 27 (11.9) 4 (36.4)
 Othersc 51 (22.5) 0 (0)
RCA vs. Non-RCA PCI 103 (45.4) 7 (63.6) 0.354
LAD vs. Non-LAD PCI 72 (31.7) 0 (0) 0.037
LCX vs. Non-LCX PCI 49 (21.6) 4 (36.4) 0.269
Main use of a large LAO view 107 (47.1) 11 (100) <0.001
PCI strategy (n/n)
Retrograde/Non-retrograde 18/209 4/7 0.012
Fluoroscopic timed (minutes) 48.3 ± 33.1 136.5 ± 69.7 <0.001
PT (hours)
 >1 143 (63.0) 10 (90.9) 0.103
 >1.5 85 (37.4) 10 (90.9) 0.001
 >2 55 (24.4) 10 (90.9) <0.001
 >2.5 29 (12.8) 9 (81.8) <0.001
 >3 16 (7.0) 8 (72.7) <0.001
 >3.5 9 (4.0) 5 (45.5) <0.001
 >4 4 (1.8) 2 (18.2) 0.026
 Mean (minutes) 88.5 ± 53.7 226.5 ± 139.2 <0.001e
Technical successf 179 (78.9) 6 (54.5) 0.071

Values are means ± standard deviation or n (%).

PCI = percutaneous coronary intervention; RSU = radiation-induced skin ulcer; CABG = coronary artery bypass grafting; TFA = trans-femoral artery approach; TRA = trans-radial artery approach. GC = guiding catheter; CTO = chronic total occlusion; RCA = right coronary artery; LAD = left anterior descending artery; LCX = left circumflex artery; LAO = left anterior oblique; PT = procedure time.

aInvolvement of left main, left internal mammary artery, or greater saphenous vein.

bTrans-brachial artery approach.

cPCI at multiple CTO vessels or left main bifurcation.

dA fluoroscopy time was estimated for each index CTO PCI.

eAnalysis using Mann-Whitney U test.

fCompletion of implantation of coronary stent(s).