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. 2017 Aug 15;8:1395. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01395

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Copyright © 2017 Govender, Mahmood, Seman and Wong.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Progression of basal stem rot in 3-month-old oil palm seedlings challenged with Ganoderma boninense. (A) Control (non-inoculated) seedling. (B) Asymptomatic infected (inoculated) seedling at 4 weeks post-inoculation (wpi). (C) Infected seedling at 8 wpi with at least 2 or more yellowing leaves. (D) Infected seedling at 12 wpi with al least three or more browning leaves and visible fruiting bodies. (E) Infected seedling at >12 wpi shows complete necrosis. (F) Healthy roots of a control seedling. (G) Roots of an infected seedling show colonization by G. boninense (red arrows indicate mycelium attachment). (H) Boles of the control seedlings and (I) boles of the infected seedlings show brown coloration. Red arrow-indicates sporophore (left) and necrosis (right).