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β cells are extremely susceptible to oxidative stress. Two major factors render β cells prone to the risk of oxidative stress: a high endogenous generation of ROS induced by stimuli including hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hypoxia, ER stress, and low expressions of essential antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, catalase, and GPx. Percentages refer to the amount of mRNA expression in pancreatic islets versus liver tissue in rats.
