Table 2.

New experimental mouse models of high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC)

Promoter	Targeted gene	Mechanism	Tumorigenesis	Reference
Ovgp-1	SV40 TAg	Inactivation of p53 and pRb	Neoplastic lesions in the fallopian tube resembling human serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC) a potential precursor of ovarian HGSC	Miyoshi et al., 2002 [153] Sherman-Baust et al., 2014 [154]
MISIIR (Amhr2-Cre)	Dicer-/-& Pten-/-	Disruption of PI3K and AKT pathways (increased phosphorylation of AKT, STMN1- stathmin) and BIRC5 -survivin)	High grade serous carcinomas from the oviduct. Tumors spread to the ovary and metastasize throughout the abdominal cavity. Upregulated expression of cytokeratin 14, 17, and 8, E-cadherin, CA125	Kim et al., 2012 [155]
Pax8-Cre	Brca 1 or Brca 2-/-, p53-/-, Pten-/-	Alteration in PTEN/PI3K pathway	Serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (precursor lesion to ovarian HGSC and peritoneal carcinomas). Upregulated expression of including cytokeratin-8, STMN1, PAX2, P53, Ki-67, and CA-125	Perets et al., 2013 [160]
AdCre	Pik3ca & Pten-/-	Disruption of PI3K and AKT pathways (increased phosphorylation of AKT)	Serous papillary hyperplasia of the ovaries	Kinross et al., 2012 [156]
AdCre	Pten-/- & Apc-/-& p53-/-	Disruption of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway	High grade metastatic ovarian carcinomas CD24+ cells showed greater tumor initiation rates	Burgos-Ojeda et al., 2015 [161]

STIC, serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma; HGSC, high-grade serous carcinoma; MISIIR, Müllerian inhibiting substance type II receptor; PAX2 and PAX8, transcription factors; CA-125, cancer antigen 125; Ki-67, a nuclear protein expressed in proliferating mammalian cells; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; AKT, serine/threonine kinase, mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog; Dicer, endoribonuclease