Table 3. Means and standard deviations of absolute articular surface areas (mm2), the square root of articular surfaces scaled by geometric mean, bone lengths (mm), and geometric mean (mm) for each sex-rearing group.
Percentage differences between captive and wild sex-specific groups are also shown.
| Captive | Wild | Percentage difference (captive–wild) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female | Male | Female | Male | Female | Male | |||||
| Mean (mm2) | SD | Mean (mm2) | SD | Mean (mm2) | SD | Mean (mm2) | SD | |||
| Femoral head (FHSA) | 2223.1 | 352.6 | 2451.5 | 333.5 | 2408.8 | 467.1 | 2649.3 | 255.1 | −8.4% | −8.1% |
| FHSA1∕2/GM | 0.775 | 0.05 | 0.775 | 0.04 | 0.801 | 0.04 | 0.794 | 0.04 | −3.3% | −2.4% |
| Femoral condyles (FCSA) | 1991.0 | 259.5 | 2511.1 | 316.7 | 2106.9 | 288.3 | 2347.9 | 215.3 | −5.8% | 6.5% |
| FCSA1∕2/GM | 0.734 | 0.03 | 0.786 | 0.04 | 0.750 | 0.1 | 0.746 | 0.02 | −2.2% | 5.0% |
| Femur length | 285.4 | 24.8 | 289.2 | 15.8 | 292.1 | 15.7 | 302.9 | 14.5 | −2.4% | −4.8% |
| Tibial plateau (TPSA) | 1138.6 | 165.9 | 1218.0 | 99.4 | 1043.8 | 120.3 | 1149.1 | 166.4 | 8.3% | 5.7% |
| TPSA1∕2/GM | 0.553 | 0.02 | 0.549 | 0.01 | 0.527 | 0.02 | 0.522 | 0.03 | 4.7% | 5.0% |
| Distal tibia (TTSA) | 467.5 | 70.1 | 495.8 | 53.1 | 463.3 | 76.1 | 549.7 | 61.8 | 0.9% | −10.9% |
| TTSA1∕2/GM | 0.356 | 0.03 | 0.349 | 0.02 | 0.353 | 0.02 | 0.361 | 0.02 | 0.9% | −3.4% |
| Tibia length | 245.9 | 21.3 | 246.9 | 17.2 | 246.0 | 17.3 | 257.5 | 12.3 | −0.1% | −4.3% |
| Humeral head (HHSA) | 2062.8 | 268.3 | 1927.2 | 225.8 | 1990.0 | 252.5 | 2368.3 | 301.0 | 3.5% | −22.9% |
| HHSA1∕2/GM | 0.747 | 0.03 | 0.689 | 0.03 | 0.731 | 0.03 | 0.750 | 0.1 | 2.2% | −8.9% |
| Distal humerus (HDSA) | 1517.2 | 251.2 | 1713.0 | 133.4 | 1482.2 | 148.5 | 1734.6 | 200.0 | 2.3% | −1.3% |
| HDSA1∕2/GM | 0.637 | 0.03 | 0.649 | 0.03 | 0.629 | 0.02 | 0.642 | 0.03 | 1.2% | 1.1% |
| Humerus length | 291.1 | 24.7 | 288.1 | 18.6 | 297.5 | 18.0 | 309.0 | 13.7 | −2.2% | −7.3% |
| Radial head (RHSA) | 427.9 | 49.7 | 494.4 | 45.1 | 457.9 | 65.7 | 500.2 | 42.5 | −7.0% | −1.2% |
| RHSA1∕2/GM | 0.342 | 0.01 | 0.349 | 0.01 | 0.351 | 0.01 | 0.345 | 0.01 | −2.6% | 1.0% |
| Distal radius (RCSA) | 407.6a | 51.1 | 553.4 | 58.8 | 420.6 | 44.5 | 499.5 | 59.2 | −3.2% | 9.7% |
| RCSA1∕2/GM | 0.326 | 0.03 | 0.369 | 0.02 | 0.335 | 0.02 | 0.345 | 0.02 | −2.9% | 6.6% |
| Radius length | 268.5 | 18.5 | 271.0 | 17.8 | 269.5 | 14.9 | 287.0 | 14.2 | −0.4% | −5.9% |
| Proximal ulna (UTSA) | 952.9 | 146.8 | 1115.3 | 151.5 | 952.4 | 125.1 | 1088.3 | 132.2 | 0.1% | 2.4% |
| UTSA1∕2/GM | 0.506 | 0.02 | 0.523 | 0.03 | 0.505 | 0.04 | 0.509 | 0.03 | 0.1% | 2.7% |
| Distal ulna (UCSA) | 125.9 | 19.5 | 143.5 | 25.9 | 107.3 | 13.7 | 122.4 | 15.3 | 14.7% | 14.7% |
| UCSA1∕2/GM | 0.184 | 0.01 | 0.186 | 0.01 | 0.171 | 0.02 | 0.170 | 0.01 | 7.1% | 8.6% |
| Ulna length | 280.5 | 18.7 | 287.7 | 17.9 | 283.6 | 13.5 | 301.6 | 13.8 | −1.1% | −4.9% |
| Geometric mean (GM) | 60.7a | 3.6 | 63.692 | 2.77 | 61.0 | 2.8 | 64.8 | 2.2 | −0.4% | −1.7% |
Notes.
a
Excludes DO due to pathology.