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. 2017 Aug 14;5:e3686. doi: 10.7717/peerj.3686

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©2017 Cheng et al.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited.

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(A) Scoring plotting by two-dimension nonparametric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) based on concentration of 20 individual PAs. Square, roots; Dots, shoots. Red symbols were plants from invasive and the blue symbols were from native populations.(B) Loading plots of the NMDS. See details of the abbreviation of PAs in Tables 2–3.