Table 3.
Nanomaterials and drug delivery approaches for tumor treatment
| Nanomaterials | Delivery approaches | Advantages | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aptamer functionalized silica gold nanorods (60 nm) | Near-infrared light responsive drug delivery system | Biocompatibility, cancer cell recognition ability, and efficient intracellular drug release | [178] |
| Doxorubicin-loaded PEG diacrylate -Chitosan derivative-single-wall carbon nanotubes (CNT) (240 nm) | Near-infrared (NIR) light triggered drug delivery system | Enhanced cellular uptake and the faster drug release | [179] |
| (DOX)-loaded hollow mesoporous copper sulfide nanoparticles (HMCuS NPs) with iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) (124.5 ± 3.8 nm) |
Near-infrared (NIR) light triggered drug delivery system | Minimized the adverse effects, enhanced photo thermal therapy effect |
[180] |
| DOX-(HMCuSNPs) with hyaluronic acid (HA) (113.8 ± 6.9 nm) |
Near infrared (NIR) light triggered drug delivery system | Facilitate intracellular tunable drug release, enhanced targeting and accumulation capacity in tumor site | [181] |
| α-Cyclodextrin and poly (ethylene glycol)-platinum dendrimer (1.9 ± 0.3 nm) |
Near infrared (NIR) light-responsive supramolecular hydrogel | Enhanced release of drug, low toxicity | [182] |
| End-capped mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) (130 nm) |
Redox-responsive nanoreservoirs | Excellent biocompatibility, cell-specific intracellular drug delivery, and cellular uptake properties | [183] |
| Transferrin (Tf)-(MSNs)-DOX (280 nm) |
Redox-responsive drug delivery system | Biocompatible, enhanced intracellular accumulation, targeting capability | [184] |
| Amino- β –cyclodextrin- MSNs (203.3 nm) |
Folate mediated and pH targeting | High intercellular release | [185] |
| DOX-thiolated poly(ethylene glycol)-biotin-DNA conjugated gold nanorod (GNR) (length of 50 ± 5 nm diameter of 14 ± 3 nm) |
pH-and near infrared (NIR) radiation dual-stimuli triggered drug delivery | Increased potency (~67-fold), increased cell uptake, low drug efflux | [186] |
| Cytochrome C conjugated lactobionic acid (CytC–LA)- Doxorubicin (DOX)- MSNs (115.8 nm) |
pH and redox dual-responsive drug delivery | Good biocompatibility, high efficiency, inhibits tumor growth with minimal toxic side effect. | [187] |
| Poly (propylene sulfide)-polyethylene glycol-serine-folic acid (PPS-mPEG-Ser-FA)- zinc phthalocyanine-doxurubicin micelle (80 nm) |
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) sensitive drug delivery system | Minimal toxic side effects | [188] |
| Rituximab-conjugated doxorubicin- MSNs (40.7 ± 19.1 nm) |
pH-sensitive controlled drug release system | Reduce systemic toxicity, improve the therapeutic efficacy | [189] |
| PEGylated-MoS 2 nanosheets (diameter 50 nm, thickness ∼2 nm) |
Combined photothermal and chemotherapy targeting | Highly efficient loading | [190] |
| DOX-Gold nanorod-1-tetradecanol-MSNs (thickness 35 nm) | Photothermalablation and chemotherapy | Precise control over drug release, localized delivery with enhanced targeting | [191] |
| Fe3O4–azobis [N-(2-carboxyethyl)-2-methylpropionamidine](Azo)-Doxorubicin | Combined photothermal therapy and chemotherapy | Enhanced cell-killing effects, increased stability, low toxicity | [192] |