Table 2.
Prevalence of premenstrual somatic and affective symptoms of PMS (N=86)
| Symptoms | Total prevalencea | Severity of symptomsb
|
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mild | Moderate | Severe | ||
| Somatic | ||||
| Breast tenderness | 64 (74.4) | 28 (43.7) | 33 (51.6) | 3 (4.7) |
| Headache | 61 (70.9) | 36 (59.0) | 20 (32.8) | 5 (8.2) |
| Abdominal bloating | 40 (46.5) | 21 (52.5) | 17 (42.5) | 2 (5.0) |
| Swelling extremities | 18 (20.9) | 13 (72.2) | 5 (27.8) | 0 (0.0) |
| Affective | ||||
| Angry outbursts | 84 (97.7) | 28 (33.3) | 50 (59.5) | 6 (7.1) |
| Anxiety | 63 (73.3) | 42 (66.7) | 21 (33.3) | 0 (0.0) |
| Irritability | 59 (68.6) | 23 (39.0) | 32 (54.2) | 4 (6.8) |
| Depression | 42 (48.8) | 29 (69.0) | 13 (31.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Confusion | 37 (43.0) | 34 (91.9) | 3 (8.1) | 0 (0.0) |
| Social withdrawal | 31 (36.0) | 20 (64.5) | 11 (35.5) | 0 (0.0) |
Notes:
a
≥1 symptom/student.
b
On the basis of self-rating by participants, these are classified according to three levels, as follows: mild (no limitation of daily activity), moderate (marked limitation of daily activity), and severe (unable to carry out daily activity without discomfort). Data are presented as number (%).
Abbreviation: PMS, premenstrual syndrome.