. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Aug 17.

Published in final edited form as: Front Biosci (Elite Ed). 2012 Jan 1;4:1058–1070. doi: 10.2741/e441

Table 1.

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in obesity: interventions based on the mechanism of podocyte injury

General Mechanism	Specific Intervention
General Mechanism	Currently available	Suggested
*RAAS*	.ACE inhibitors .Ang II receptor block .Inhibition of aldosterone receptors	.Selective TRCP6 inhibitors .AngI receptors block .Inhibition of non-genomic effect of aldosterone
*PAI-1*	.Angiotensin II inhibitors	.Selective PAI-1 inhibitors
*Lipids*	.Body weight reduction .Statin	.Ligands of farnesoid X receptor
*Adiponectin*	.Body weight reduction .RAAS blockade .Enhancement of Adiponectin intracellular signal pathway	.Adiponectin administration .Agonists Adiponectin R1/2 receptor
*Inflammation*	.Steroids	.Selective inhibitors of TLR4 .Selective block of inflammatory kinases
*Oxidative stress*	.Antioxidants	.HO-1 overexpression .Inhibition of specific NADPH oxidase (nox-4 isoform)

Abbreviations: RAAS:renin angiotensin aldosterone system, ACE:angiotensin converting enzyme, PAI-1:plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, TRCP6: transient receptor cacnonical potential-6, HO-1: heme oxygenase-1, TLR4: toll like receptor 4, NADPH: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase