. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jan 15.

Published in final edited form as: Pers Individ Dif. 2016 Sep 21;105:30–39. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2016.09.018

Table 3.

Parameter estimates from Cholesky decompositions of bivariate associations between personality traits and antisocial behavior.

TXT sample

Primary phenotype

A₁

E₁

b_A

b_E

A₂

C₂

E₂

a_{shared}^{2}

CI.95%

Extraversion

.52 (0.08)

.85 (0.05)

.21 (0.09)

.03 (0.04)

.59 (0.13)

.41 (0.15)

.65 (0.04)

.05

.00, 0.12

.22

Agreeableness

.52 (0.08)

.86 (0.05)

−.21 (0.09)

−.15 (0.04)

.56 (0.13)

.45 (0.12)

.64 (0.04)

.04

.00, 0.12

.24

Conscientiousness

.82 (0.06)

.62 (0.05)

−.31 (0.06)

−.08 (0.05)

.56 (0.14)

.40 (0.15)

.64 (0.05)

.09

.03, 0.16

<0.01

Neuroticism

.48 (0.09)

.88 (0.05)

.05 (0.10)

.07 (0.05)

.62 (0.12)

.42 (0.14)

.65 (0.04)

.00

.00, 0.02

.79

Openness

.59 (0.07)

.81 (0.05)

−.03 (0.09)

−.03 (0.06)

.63 (0.13)

.42 (0.15)

.65 (0.05)

.00

.00, 0.01

.88

Sensation seeking

.70 (0.05)

.71 (0.03)

.54 (0.06)

.11 (0.05)

.40 (0.20)

.33 (0.17)

.64 (0.05)

.30

.17, 0.43

<0.001

Urgency

.57 (0.06)

.81 (0.04)

.46 (0.07)

.13 (0.05)

.45 (0.16)

.38 (0.14)

.64 (0.04)

.21

.08, 0.35

<0.01

Premeditation (lack of)

.58 (0.05)

.81 (0.04)

.45 (0.08)

.06 (0.05)

.46 (0.20)

.40 (0.14)

.65 (0.05)

.20

.06, 0.34

<0.01

Perseverance (lack of)

.63 (0.06)

.78 (0.05)

.28 (0.08)

.04 (0.05)

.56 (0.14)

.43 (0.14)

.65 (0.04)

.08

.00, 0.16

.07

ATR sample

Primary phenotype

A₁

E₁

b_A

b_E

A₂

C₂

E₂

a_{shared}^{2}

CI.95%

Psychoticism-

Female

.59 (0.02)

.82 (0.02)

.19 (0.04)

.05 (0.02)

.59 (0.04)

.19 (0.09)

.75 (0.02)

.04

.01, 0.07

<0.01

Male

.57 (0.03)

.80 (0.02)

.18 (0.05)

.05 (0.03)

.46 (0.13)

.48 (0.11)

.73 (0.02)

.03

.00, 0.07

.04

Extraversion-

Female

.67 (0.02)

.74 (0.01)

.18 (0.03)

.03 (0.02)

.59 (0.04)

.19 (0.09)

.76 (0.02)

.03

.01, 0.06

<0.01

Male

.68 (0.03)

.73 (0.02)

.13 (0.04)

.04 (0.03)

.49 (0.12)

.46 (0.12)

.73 (0.02)

.02

.00, 0.04

0.11

Neuroticism-

Female

.66 (0.02)

.75 (0.01)

.08 (0.03)

−.03 (0.03)

.61 (0.04)

.19 (0.09)

.76 (0.02)

.00

.00, 0.02

.22

Male

.64 (0.03)

.77 (0.02)

.07 (0.04)

.01 (0.03)

.51 (0.12)

.46 (0.12)

.73 (0.02)

.00

.00, 0.00

.40

Novelty seek.-

Female

.62 (0.02)

.78 (0.02)

.28 (0.03)

.07 (0.02)

.54 (0.05)

.22 (0.09)

.75 (0.02)

.08

.04, 0.11

<0.001

Male

.59 (0.03)

.81 (0.02)

.36 (0.04)

.05 (0.03)

.38 (0.15)

.46 (0.11)

.72 (0.02)

.13

.06, 0.19

<0.001

Impulsivity-

Female

.55 (0.02)

.83 (0.01)

.30 (0.04)

.06 (0.02)

.52 (0.05)

.23 (0.08)

.76 (0.02)

.09

.04, 0.13

.001

Male

.51 (0.04)

.86 (0.02)

.35 (0.05)

.03 (0.03)

.37 (0.16)

.47 (0.11)

.73 (0.02)

.12

.05, 0.20

<0.001

Harm avoid.-

Female

.64 (0.02)

.77 (0.01)

−.10 (0.03)

−.03 (0.02)

.61 (0.04)

.19 (0.09)

.75 (0.01)

.01

.00, 0.02

.11

Male

.63 (0.03)

.78 (0.02)

−.07 (0.05)

−.01 (0.03)

.50 (0.12)

.47 (0.11)

.73 (0.02)

.01

.00, 0.02

.42

Reward dep.-

Female

.57 (0.02)

.82 (0.02)

.09 (0.04)

−.01 (0.02)

.61 (0.04)

.20 (0.09)

.76 (0.02)

.01

.00, 0.02

.88

Male

.63 (0.03)

.80 (0.02)

−.06 (0.05)

.03 (0.03)

.51 (0.12)

.47 (0.11)

.73 (0.02)

.00

.00, 0.01

.63

Notes. Model estimator=maximum likelihood with robust standard errors. Secondary variable: antisocial behavior. TXT=Texas Twin Project. ATR=Australia Twin Registry. $a_{shared}^{2}$ = the proportion of total variance in antisocial behavior due to additive genetic influences shared with each personality trait. CI.95%= 95% confidence intervals for $a_{shared}^{2}$ estimate. p = probability that $a_{shared}^{2}$ estimate is greater than zero.