Table 5. Clinical outcomes at baseline and post-treatment assessments (n = 8).
| Measures | Baseline | Post-treatment assessment | One-month assessment | Three-month assessment | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean(SD) | Mean difference (95% CI) | Mean(SD) | Mean difference (95% CI) | Mean(SD) | Mean difference (95% CI) | ||
| PSF case definition | 62.5% | 25.0% | p = 0.25 | 25.0% | p = 0.25 | 12.5% | p = 0.13 |
| FAS | 26.5 (8.0) | 21.8 (7.4) | 4.8 (-2.1, 11.6); p = 0.15 | 19.5 (8.4) | 7.0 (-0.8, 14.8); p = 0.07 | 17.3 (8.6) | 9.3 (1.4, 17.1); p = 0.03* |
| PHQ-9 | 7.6 (4.4) | 4.8 (4.9) | 2.9 (-0.002, 5.8); p = 0.05 | 4.5 (5.1) | 3.1 (0.2, 6.1); p = 0.04* | 5.0 (6.3) | 2.6 (-0.7, 5.9); p = 0.10 |
| NEADL | 20.8 (0.9) | 20.5 (1.2) | 0.3 (-0.3, 0.8); p = 0.35 | 20.9 (1.1) | -0.1 (-1.0, 0.7); p = 0.73 | 21.0 (1.1) | -0.3 (-1.0, 0.5); p = 0.45 |
| SIS General Recovery | 74.8 (16.7) | 84.1 (12.6) | -9.4 (-18.8, 0.1); p = 0.05 | 84.6 (15.7) | -9.9 (-20.1, 0.4); p = 0.06 | 88.6 (15.2) | -13.9 (-25.8, -2.0); p = 0.03* |
| SIS Physical Strength | 89.1 (9.9) | 87.5 (13.8) | 1.6 (-10.8, 14.0); p = 0.78 | 85.9 (19.7) | 3.1 (-13.6, 20.0); p = 0.67 | 89.8 (12.5) | -0.8 (-14.0, 12.4); p = 0.90 |
| SIS Memory and Thinking | 75.5 (21.3) | 79.9 (23.3) | -4.5 (-10.2, 1.2); p = 0.11 | 82.0 (24.4) | -6.6 (-15.3, 2.2); p = 0.12 | 87.1 (18.0) | -11.6 (-19.2, -4.0); p = 0.009* |
| SIS Emotion | 66.0 (26.1) | 76.0 (27.0) | -10.1 (-24.1, 3.9); p = 0.13 | 78.8 (22.8) | -12.8 (-27.5, 1.8); p = 0.08 | 84.4 (18.8) | -18.4 (-30.6, -6.2); p = 0.009* |
| SIS Communication | 80.4 (23.3) | 85.7 (23.0) | -5.4 (-16.3, 5.6); p = 0.29 | 87.5 (21.9) | -7.1 (-18.2, 3.9); p = 0.17 | 87.5 (17.9) | -7.1 (-15.9, 1.6); p = 0.09 |
| SIS Daily Activities | 93.4 (6.5) | 92.5 (10.2) | 0.9 (-4.4, 6.3); p = 0.69 | 92.8 (8.3) | 0.6 (-4.7, 5.9); p = 0.79 | 95.9 (5.3) | -2.5 (-5.5, 0.5); p = 0.09 |
| SIS Mobility | 87.5 (15.1) | 91.0 (14.1) | -3.5 (-5.5, -1.4); p = 0.005* | 91.3 (15.0) | -3.8 (-6.8, -0.8); p = 0.02* | 91.3 (14.0) | -3.8 (-7.1, -0.6); p = 0.03* |
| SIS Hand Function | 93.8 (9.5) | 93.8 (11.6) | 0.0 (-4.5, 4.5); p = 1.00 | 92.5 (11.0) | 1.3 (-2.5, 5.0); p = 0.45 | 95.6 (8.6) | -1.9 (-9.6, 5.8); p = 0.58 |
| SIS Social Activity | 67.9 (24.6) | 86.3 (14.5) | -18.5 (-29.4, -7.6); p = 0.005* | 82.8 (24.3) | -15.0 (-26.7, -3.2); p = 0.02* | 82.4 (19.9) | -14.6 (-23.3, -5.8); p = 0.006* |
*p value < 0.05.
FAS: Fatigue Assessment Scale; PHQ-9: Patient Health Questionnaire-9; NEADL: Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living; SIS: Stroke Impact Scale. 95% CI: 95% confidence interval. Mean difference: difference of scores between baseline and each post-treatment assessment (for FAS and PHQ-9 positive values indicate improvement; for other measures, negative values indicate improvement).