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A-B) Simulated echoes: A) with parameters similar to the Japanese maple specimen: mean leaf radius 1.46 cm, density 5000/m3, and mean orientation angle 45°. B) with parameters similar to the arborvitae specimen: mean leaf radius 0.1 cm, density 10000/m3, and mean orientation angle 45°. C-D) echoes measured in the field: C) Japanese maple, D) arborvitae. All echo amplitudes were normalized to their respective maximum.
