Table 1.

Outline of the Continuity of Items Measuring Callous-Unemotional-Related Phenotypes Across Development

Construct	Items from CU Behaviors Scale from ASEBA	Items from Low Concern for Others Scale from MAP-DB	CU Items from the ICU or APSD	DSM-5: “Limited Prosocial Emotions” Specifier	Items from the PCL-R
Lack of guilt	No guilt after misbehavior	Act like did not care when someone was mad or upset Act like did not care when someone felt bad or sad	Does not care who she/he hurts Feels bad or guilty (R) Shows no remorse	Lack of remorse or guilt	Lack of remorse or guilt Callous and/or lack of empathy
Low concern about performance or behavior consequences	Punishment does not change behavior Shows too little fear	Act like did not care when someone was mad or upset	Is concerned about school work (R) Does not care if she/he in trouble	Unconcerned about performance	Failure to accept responsibility for actions Need for stimulation and/or prone to boredom Lack of realistic long-term goals
Low empathic concern for others/ callousness	Shows little affection Unresponsive to affection	Acts like did not care when someone felt bad or sad Keep on doing something that was scaring or upsetting someone Does not seem to care about parent’s feelings	Seems cold and uncaring Feelings of others are unimportant Concerned about feelings of others (R) Does things to make others feel good (R)	Lack of empathy (“unconcerned about the feelings of others”)	Callous and/or lack of empathy
Low emotional responsivity or affiliative behavior	Shows little affection Unresponsive to affection	Acts like did not care when someone felt bad or sad Does not seem to care about parent’s feelings	Expresses feelings openly (R) Does not show emotions Seems cold and uncaring Is expressive/emotional (R)	Shallow or deficient affect	Conning and/or manipulation
Samples applied to	Early childhood (i.e., 1½ – 6 years)		Early childhood (i.e., 1½ – 6 years) & middle-late childhood & adolescence (i.e., 7–18 years)	Clinical conceptualizations in children (i.e., 6–18 years)	Adult psychopathy conceptualizations

Note: ASEBA = Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (19); ICU = Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits (13); DSM-5 = Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (6); MAP-DB = Multidimensional Assessment of Preschool Disruptive Behavior (16); PCL-R = Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (46).