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. 2017 Aug 17;12(8):e0183413. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183413

Table 3. Chi-squared test for spousal concordance of diabetes during 2002–2013 (N = 5,643 couples).

Variables Frequency % No diabetes One spouse with diabetes 1 Spousal concordance χ2
P-value
n1 %1 n2 %2 n3 %3
Total 3,958 70.14 1,392 24.67 293 5.19
Insured Spouse Characteristics
Sex 0.4687
    Female 1,460 25.87 1,032 70.68 346 23.70 82 5.62
    Male 4,183 74.13 2,926 69.95 1,046 25.01 211 5.04
Age < .0001*
    16–44 years 1,674 29.67 1,449 86.56 214 12.78 11 0.66
    45–54 years 1,607 28.48 1,253 77.97 313 19.48 41 2.55
    55–64 years 1,185 21.00 742 62.62 371 31.31 72 6.08
    ≥ 65 years 1,177 20.86 514 43.67 494 41.97 169 14.36
Premium-based monthly salary (USD$) < .0001*
    ≤ 760 3,629 64.31 2,445 67.37 963 26.54 221 6.09
    760–960 413 7.32 294 71.19 96 23.24 23 5.57
    960–1210 481 8.52 357 74.22 106 22.04 18 3.74
    1210–1526 473 8.38 367 77.59 95 20.08 11 2.33
    > 1526 647 11.47 495 76.51 132 20.40 20 3.09
Occupation < .0001*
    First category (Private employee and government employee) 2,884 51.11 2,162 74.97 622 21.57 100 3.47
    Second category (Labor union member) 785 13.91 556 70.83 196 24.97 33 4.20
    Third category (Farmer and Fisherman) 695 12.32 454 65.32 189 27.19 52 7.48
Fourth, fifth, and sixth categories (Soldier, social security insured, and veteran and religious group member) 1,279 22.67 786 61.45 385 30.10 108 8.44
Urbanization level 0.6519
    Level 1 (Highest) 1,745 31.04 1,226 70.26 415 23.78 104 5.96
    Level 2 1,666 29.63 1,161 69.69 423 25.39 82 4.92
    Level 3 953 16.95 682 71.56 232 24.34 39 4.09
    Level 4 739 13.14 513 69.42 186 25.17 40 5.41
    Level 5 (Lowest) 519 9.23 364 70.13 129 24.86 26 5.01
Region < .0001*
    Taipei 1,980 35.17 1,397 70.56 477 24.09 106 5.35
    Northern 869 15.44 615 70.77 200 23.01 54 6.21
    Central 1,076 19.12 791 73.51 245 22.77 40 3.72
    Southern 752 13.36 487 64.76 215 28.59 50 6.65
    Southeast 847 15.05 598 70.60 209 24.68 40 4.72
    Eastern 105 1.87 63 60.00 41 39.05 1 0.95
Catastrophic illness or injury < .0001*
    Absent 5,106 90.48 3,676 71.99 1,191 23.33 239 4.68
    Present 537 9.52 282 52.51 201 37.43 54 10.06
Comorbidity (CCI) < .0001*
    0 3,853 68.47 2,973 77.16 772 20.04 108 2.80
    1 1,575 27.99 875 55.56 544 34.54 156 9.90
    2 111 1.97 51 45.95 42 37.84 18 16.22
    ≥ 3 88 1.56 45 51.14 32 36.36 11 12.50
Dependent Spouse Characteristics
Age < .0001*
    16–44 years 2,089 37.02 1,796 85.97 276 13.21 17 0.81
    45–54 years 1,391 24.65 1,046 75.20 304 21.85 41 2.95
    55–64 years 1,152 20.41 666 57.81 398 34.55 88 7.64
    ≥ 65 years 1,011 17.92 450 44.51 414 40.95 147 14.54
Catastrophic illness or injury < .0001*
    Absent 5,197 92.10 3,706 71.31 1,254 24.13 237 4.56
    Present 446 7.90 252 56.50 138 30.94 56 12.56
Comorbidity (CCI) < .0001*
    0 4,102 72.91 3,135 76.43 843 20.55 124 3.02
    1 1,329 23.62 709 53.35 479 36.04 141 10.61
    2 114 2.03 55 48.25 40 35.09 19 16.67
    ≥ 3 81 1.44 45 55.56 27 33.33 9 11.11

1Either insured spouse or dependent spouse per one couple; averaged 24.67% > 16.92% in one individual with diabetes of noncouples. Row percentages are presented.

* P < 0.05.