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. 2017 Aug 17;12(8):e0182509. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182509

Fig 8. Working model.

Fig 8

Results of this study suggest that placentas from gestational diabetes mellitus are in a proangiogenic state characterized by elevated endothelial cell markers, ie. more endothelial cells, and higher KDR, resulting in enhanced migration in GDM cells than cells from normal control pregnancies. Additional alteration/compensatory mechanisms include reduction in the mRNA and protein levels of Flt-1, reduced mRNA levels of KDR, and no changes in VEGF, or cell proliferation. Changes observed in GDM are shown in red and black arrows.