Box and whisker plots of dN/dS (A) and Fop (B) showing the distribution of all testis-biased, ovary-biased, and unbiased CDS in Aedes. Different letters above any two bars for the testis-biased, ovary-biased, and unbiased genes within each figure indicate a statistically significant (P < 0.05) difference in values using Mann-Whitney U tests (P was < 0.001 in all contrasts). NTestis-Biased = 2927; NOvary-Biased = 2013, and NUnbiased = 4449. Fop was measured using A. aegypti, and dN/dS measured using A. albopictus as a reference. CDS, coding sequences; dN/dS, nonsynonymous to synonymous substitution rates; Fop, frequency of optimal codons.