Table 1.
| No Exposure (N=700, 62%) |
Low/Moderate (N=344, 30%) |
High (N=85, 8%) |
Total (N=1129) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
||||
| N (row %) | N (row %) | N (row %) | N (column %) | |
| Study Site | ||||
| New York | 189 (50) | 136 (36) | 53 (14) | 378 (33) |
| Ohio | 196 (58) | 112 (33) | 28 (8) | 336 (30) |
| California | 315 (76) | 96 (23) | 4 (1) | 415 (37) |
| Annual household income | ||||
| <$50,000 | 251 (47) | 225 (42) | 60 (11) | 536 (47) |
| ≥$50 – <100,000 | 218 (69) | 77 (24) | 22 (7) | 317 (28) |
| ≥$100,000 | 231 (84) | 42 (15) | 3 (1) | 276 (24) |
| Maternal education | ||||
| High School or less | 165 (51) | 124 (39) | 32 (10) | 321 (29) |
| Some College | 166 (48) | 138 (40) | 39 (11) | 343 (31) |
| College grad or higher | 365 (80) | 80 (18) | 12 (3) | 457 (41) |
| Maternal age at delivery | ||||
| <25 years | 146 (48) | 123 (40) | 37 (12) | 306 (28) |
| 25–35 years | 340 (65) | 146 (28) | 34 (7) | 520 (48) |
| >35 years | 204 (77) | 53 (20) | 9 (3) | 266 (24) |
| Maternal prenatal smoking | ||||
| None | 685 (66) | 300 (29) | 50 (5) | 1035 (92) |
| <5 cigs/day | 11 (17) | 34 (53) | 19 (30) | 64 (6) |
| ≥5 cigs/day | 4 (13) | 10 (33) | 16 (53) | 30 (3) |
| Child race | ||||
| Black | 166 (46) | 147 (41) | 44 (12) | 357 (32) |
| Hispanic | 200 (61) | 107 (33) | 21 (6) | 328 (29) |
| Asian | 45 (82) | 9 (16) | 1 (2) | 55 (5) |
| White | 289 (74) | 81 (21) | 19 (5) | 389 (34) |
| Child BMI (at baseline) | ||||
| <85th %ile CDC | 488 (64) | 221 (29) | 49 (6) | 758 (67) |
| ≥85th %ile CDC | 212 (57) | 123 (33) | 36 (10) | 371 (33) |
| Birth weight | ||||
| Low (<5.5 lbs) | 65 (62) | 33 (31) | 7 (7) | 105 (10) |
| Mid (5.5–9.0 lbs) | 560 (62) | 268 (30) | 71 (8) | 899 (83) |
| High (>9.0 lbs) | 53 (73) | 17 (23) | 3 (4) | 73 (7) |
| Cotinine at baseline (creatinine-adjusted) | ||||
| Q1: ≤0.25 ug/g | 266 (93) | 21 (7) | 0 (0) | 287 (25) |
| Q2: 0.26–0.61 ug/g | 211 (75) | 68 (24) | 2 (1) | 281 (25) |
| Q3: 0.62–2.24 ug/g | 169 (61) | 104 (37) | 6 (2) | 279 (25) |
| Q4: ≥2.25 ug/g | 54 (19) | 151 (54) | 77 (27) | 282 (25) |
Girls with all smoke exposure variables (self-report and cotinine concentrations) non-missing, N=1129; some girls were missing data on characteristics.
SHS categories determined from combination of number of household smokers and amount smoked at home, as well as hours exposed away from home. No exposure reflects no regular household smokers in the home or exposure outside, High is defined as >35 cigarettes smoked per week in home or > 5 hrs/week SHS outside the home and at least one regular smoker at home, and Low/Moderate includes everyone else with at least some exposure at home or away.
BCERP indicates Breast Cancer and the Environment Research Program; BMI, body mass index; CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts used to define overweight as BMI ≥ 85th percentile; Q1–4 indicates quartiles.