Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2017 Aug 17;7:8578. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-09122-3

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Regulatory effects of thrombin on cytokine and chemokine expressions in NP cells. (A) After treatment with thrombin, or an equal volume of vehicle, for 24 h, the supernatants from NP cell cultures were collected and applied to each of two separate cytokine/chemokine array membranes. The locations of cytokines and chemokines detected on the membrane are shown in the upper panel, and the quantitative data is shown in the right-hand panel. (B) Administration with thrombin (10 U/mL) to NP cells for 6 h, and the effect on mRNA of the indicated genes was determined using real time-PCR. (C) NP cells were treated with various concentrations of thrombin for 6 h, or 10 U/mL thrombin for the indicated time periods (2, 4, 8, 16 or 24 h). (D) Supernatants were collected for ELISA measurement of CXCL8. Each time point represents the mean ± S.E.M. from at least three independent experiments performed in duplicate. (E) NP cells were incubated with PPACK (1 μM) for 30 min followed by treatment with thrombin (10 U/mL) for 24 h, and CXCL8 protein levels were determined by ELISA. Each bar represents the mean ± S.E.M. from four independent experiments performed in duplicate. *p < 0.05 compared with the vehicle control group. ^# p < 0.05 compared with the thrombin-treated group.