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. 2017 Aug 17;7:8535. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-08906-x

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Cerebrospinal fluid sampling. (A) The pigs were sedated with tiletamine-zolazepan, intubated and maintained with inhalatory isoflurane. (B) Lateral lumbar puncture was performed in aseptic conditions by an anaesthetist and an interventional radiologist under fluoroscopic guidance. (C) After introduction of the intrathecal catheter (black arrows), it was tunnelled (D) and connected to a reservoir placed in subcutaneous tissue (E) to avoid a second round of laborious localization of the intrathecal space.