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. 2017 Aug 17;7:8527. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-08938-3

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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In distal colon, the microbiota is confined to the faecal pellet. (a) AB/H/E stained longitudinal section of mouse distal colon. (b) FISH stained (Bacteria in red; nuclei in blue) longitudinal section of mouse distal colon. The bacteria are located in the faecal pellet, the lumen of the empty colonic part is almost completely devoid of bacteria, but does contain some loose mucus. A mucus layer devoid of bacteria, confining the bacteria to the faeces, covers the pellet.