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. 2017 Aug 17;7:8524. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-08886-y

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© The Author(s) 2017

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Sketch of the system. 3D hollow nanoelectrodes are protruding outside of a SU8 passivation layer and are connected to a separated microfluidic chamber. The cells adhere on the nanoelectrodes and molecules can flow through the nanochannels after the electrical field is applied.