Table 5.
Per-protocol analysis of primary, secondary, and intermediate outcomes
|
Attended at least one session vs control |
Attended all 20 sessions vs control |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estimate (95% CI) | p | Estimate (95% CI) | p | |
| Children measured at baseline and endline | ||||
| Height-for-age Z score* | −0·020 (−0·14 to 0·10) | 0·76 | −0·00022 (−0·19 to 0·19) | >0·99 |
| Weight-for-height Z score† | −0·010 (−0·097 to 0·077) | 0·82 | −0·041 (−0·18 to 0·093) | 0·55 |
| Children younger than 5 years | ||||
| Diarrhoea | 0·99 (0·85 to 1·16) | 0·93 | 0·96 (0·77 to 1·20) | 0·75 |
| Height-for-age Z score | −0·050 (−0·19 to 0·093) | 0·50 | −0·13 (−0·31 to 0·039) | 0·13 |
| Weight-for-height Z score | −0·034 (−0·12 to 0·055) | 0·45 | −0·024 (−0·17 to 0·12) | 0·74 |
| Children younger than 2 years | ||||
| Diarrhoea | 1·08 (0·87 to 1·34) | 0·50 | 1·15 (0·78 to 1·68) | 0·49 |
| Length-for-age Z score | −0·073 (−0·25 to 0·10) | 0·41 | −0·18 (−0·42 to 0·056) | 0·13 |
| Weight-for-length Z score | −0·093 (−0·23 to 0·042) | 0·18 | −0·13 (−0·39 to 0·13) | 0·34 |
| Children younger than 1 year | ||||
| Diarrhoea | 1·00 (0·73 to 1·39) | 0·98 | 1·11 (0·65 to 1·88) | 0·70 |
| Length-for-age Z score | −0·08 (−0·31 to 0·15) | 0·51 | −0·15 (−0·50 to 0·19) | 0·38 |
| Weight-for-length Z score | −0·18 (−0·36 to −0·0058) | 0·04 | −0·17 (−0·51 to 0·18) | 0·34 |
| Household level | ||||
| Thermotolerant coliforms per 100 mL water (colony-forming units) | 6·99 (−40·57 to 54·54) | 0·77 | 21·70 (−48·72 to 92·12) | 0·55 |
| Drinking water obtained from an improved source‡§ | 0·043 (−0·026 to 0·11) | 0·22 | 0·054 (−0·018 to 0·13) | 0·14 |
| Treatment of drinking water is adequate‡ | 0·12 (0·061 to 0·18) | <0·0001 | 0·20 (0·12 to 0·28) | <0·0001 |
| Improved sanitation facility‡¶ | 0·089 (0·021 to 0·16) | 0·01 | 0·14 (0·053 to 0·22) | 0·001 |
| Structurally complete sanitation facility (ie, floor, walls, and roof)‡ | 0·062 (0·0057 to 0·12) | 0·03 | 0·075 (0·0014 to 0·15) | 0·046 |
| Handwashing station observed, with soap and water‡ | −0·0005 (−0·014 to 0·013) | 0·94 | 0·013 (−0·012 to 0·039) | 0·30 |
| Sanitary disposal of child faeces (for children <3 years)‡ | 0·004 (−0·042 to 0·051) | 0·85 | 0·040 (−0·026 to 0·11) | 0·24 |
Estimates for diarrhoea are prevalence ratios. Estimates for height-for-age, length-for-age, weight-for-height, or weight-for-length Z scores and thermotolerant coliforms per 100 mL water are β coefficients. Estimates for all intermediate outcomes are risk differences.
Adjusted for baseline height-for-age Z score.
Adjusted for baseline weight-for-height Z score.
Adjusted for baseline values.
As defined by WHO and UNICEF, improved drinking water sources include piped water, public taps, tubewells, protected dug wells or springs, and rainwater.
As defined by WHO and UNICEF, improved sanitation includes flush toilet, ventilated improved pit latrine, pit latrine with slab, and composting toilet.