Table 1.
Results of neuropsychological test administered before and after 6 months of probiotic supplementation
| T0 – median (interquartile range) | T6 – median (interquartile range) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| MMSE (Mini‐Mental State Examination) | 30.00 (28.82–30.00) | 30.00 (30.00–30.00) | .1814 |
| RAVLT (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test Immediate Recall) | 46.10 (31.70–47.08) | 52.50 (49.35–54.55) | .0273 |
| RAVLT (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test Delayed Recall) | 7.70 (5.92–10.30) | 12.00 (10.38–12.48) | .0299 |
| RAVLT (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Recognition) | 95.50 (90.00–99.50) | 99.50 (98.00–100.00) | .1056 |
| ROCF (Rey‐Osterrieth Complex Figure Copy Immediate recall) | 16.30 (15.92–17.03) | 21.00 (18.58–22.95) | .0058 |
| ROCF (Rey‐Osterrieth Complex Figure Copy Delayed Recall) | 15.25 (14.32–16.75) | 22.40 (22.00–24.75) | .0019 |
| FAB (Frontal Assessment Battery) | 14.85 (13.60–15.80) | 15.45 (14.21–17.50) | .1780 |
| PVF (Phonological Verbal Fluency) | 28.50 (22.82–37.88) | 43.95 (42.25–44.75) | .0137 |
| SVF (Semantic Verbal Fluency) | 47.00 (32.75–54.75) | 48.50 (45.50–49.00) | .3580 |
| TMTA (Trail Making Test A) | 50.00 (44.25–55.00) | 46.00 (40.50–54.00) | .1395 |
| TMTB (Trail Making Test B) | 117.50 (99.50–122.80) | 125.00 (98.50–138.50) | .9527 |
| Verbal Span‐Digit Forward | 4.50 (3.50–5.37) | 5.00 (5.00–5.81) | .0940 |
| Verbal Span‐Digit Back | 4.50 (4.00–5.00) | 5.00 (4.25–5.00) | .5716 |
| Tas‐20 (Toronto Alexithymia Scale‐20) | 40.00 (35.00–41.00) | 50.00 (41.00–54.00) | .0421 |
| BDI‐II (Beck Depression Scale II) | |||
| STAY Y‐1 (State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory) | 47.00 (45.00–50.00) | 55.00 (50.00–70.00) | .0751 |
| STAY Y‐2 (State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory) | 60.00 (40.00–65.00) | 85.00 (65.00–90.00) | .0225 |
| AAT (Aachen Aphasia Test) | 9.00 (9.00–9.00) | 9.00 (9.00–9.00) | 1.0000 |
| CBTT‐ Forward (Corsi block‐tapping task) | 4.37 (4.00–5.00) | 5.25 (5.05–5.44) | .0322 |
| CBTT‐Backward (Corsi block‐tapping task) | 4.00 (3.00–4.00) | 4.00 (4.00–4.75) | .1198 |
| STEP Time (Time and Weight Estimation test) | 16.50 (13.25–22.25) | 23.00 (21.25–23.00) | .0246 |
| STEP Weight (Time and Weight Estimation test) | 19.00 (15.00–19.75) | 21.00 (21.00–23.00) | .0220 |
| STEP Total (Time and Weight Estimation test) | 36.50 (29.75–44.25) | 44.50 (43.00–45.00) | .0827 |
Significantly different values are highlighted in bold.