Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of infants with an identified optimal mean arterial blood pressure.
| TOTAL | BOYS | GIRLS | P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic - antenatal data | n | n | n | ||||
| Gestational age, weeks (mean, SD) | 65 | 38 6/7 (16/7) | 38 | 38 6/7 (15/7) | 27 | 39 (16/7) | 0.61a |
| Birth weight, grams (mean, SD) | 65 | 3287 (622) | 38 | 3452 (660) | 27 | 3054 (486) | 0.007b* |
| Race, White (n, %) | 65 | 31 (48%) | 38 | 21 (55%) | 27 | 10 (37%) | 0.35c |
| Race, Black (n, %) | 65 | 24 (37%) | 38 | 12 (32%) | 27 | 12 (44%) | 0.50c |
| Ethnicity, Hispanic (n, %) | 65 | 8 (11%) | 38 | 3 (8%) | 27 | 5 (19%) | 0.32c |
| Adequate for gestational age (n, %) | 65 | 51 (78%) | 38 | 28 (74%) | 27 | 23 (85%) | 0.85c |
| In utero growth restriction (n, %) | 65 | 1 (1.5%) | 38 | 0 (0%) | 27 | 1 (3.7%) | 1.00 e |
| Maternal gestational diabetes (n, %) | 65 | 6 (9%) | 38 | 5 (13%) | 27 | 1 (4%) | 0.19c |
| Born at outside facility (n, %) | 65 | 57 (88%) | 38 | 34 (89%) | 27 | 23 (85%) | 0.60c |
| Delivery mode, c-section (n, %) | 65 | 50 (77%) | 38 | 27 (71%) | 27 | 23 (85%) | 0.18c |
| Emergency delivery (n, %) | 65 | 48 (74%) | 38 | 26 (68%) | 27 | 22 (82%) | 0.24c |
| Perinatal data | |||||||
| Apgar score, 1 min (median, IQR) | 65 | 1 (1–2) | 38 | 1 (1–3) | 27 | 1(0–2) | 0.04d* |
| Apgar score, 5 min (median, IQR) | 65 | 3 (2–6) | 38 | 4 (2–6) | 27 | 3 (2–4) | 0.11d |
| Cord pH (mean, SD) | 47 | 6.93 (0.17) | 28 | 6.93 (0.17) | 19 | 6.94 (0.19) | 0.95a |
| Cord base deficit (mean, SD) | 41 | −15.9 (7.4) | 23 | −15.8 (6.9) | 18 | −15.9 (8.3) | 0.96a |
| First hour pH (mean, SD) | 64 | 7.11 (0.15) | 38 | 7.11 (0.15) | 26 | 7.09 (0.14) | 0.45a |
| First hour base deficit (mean, SD) | 55 | −16.8 (5.4) | 34 | −16.6 (5.4) | 21 | −17.1 (5.5) | 0.69a |
| Admission Sarnat score (median, IQR) | 65 | 2 (2–2) | 38 | 2 (2–2) | 27 | 2 (2–2) | 0.78d |
| Severe encephalopathy (n, %) | 65 | 13 (20%) | 38 | 8 (21%) | 27 | 5 (19%) | 0.56c |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) (mean, SD) | 63 | 15.5 (1.7) | 36 | 15.5 (1.5) | 27 | 15.5 (1.9) | 0.95a |
| Delta hemoglobin (g/dL) (mean, SD) | 59 | 2.5 (1.5) | 34 | 2.4 (1.5) | 25 | 2.6 (1.5) | 0.56a |
| Cardiopulmonary outcomes | |||||||
| Mech. ventilation, days (median, IQR) | 65 | 1 (1–7) | 38 | 1 (0–6) | 27 | 2 (1–7) | 0.74d |
| Pressure support, days (median, IQR) | 65 | 2 (1–7) | 38 | 1 (1–7) | 27 | 3 (1–7) | 0.19d |
| Oxygen support, days (median, IQR) | 65 | 9 (5–15) | 38 | 8 (5–15) | 27 | 10 (5–15) | 0.69d |
| PPHN (n, %) | 65 | 25 (39%) | 38 | 15 (40%) | 27 | 10 (37%) | 0.84c |
| iNO use (n, %) | 65 | 13 (20%) | 38 | 7 (18%) | 27 | 6 (22%) | 0.71c |
| Any steroids first 7 days of life (n, %)f | 65 | 13 (20%) | 38 | 7 (18%) | 27 | 6 (22%) | 0.71c |
| Steroid days (median, IQR) | 65 | 0 (0–3) | 38 | 0 (0–2) | 27 | 0 (0–6) | 0.77d |
| Ventricular dysfunction (n, %) | 65 | 9 (14%) | 38 | 4 (11%) | 27 | 5 (19%) | 0.36c |
| Milrinone (n, %) | 65 | 9 (14%) | 38 | 5 (13%) | 27 | 4 (15%) | 0.67c |
| NICU LOS, days (median, IQR) | 65 | 13 (9–28) | 38 | 13 (9–29) | 27 | 14 (9–22) | 0.98d |
| Confounders included in analysis | |||||||
| Vasopressor, any (n, %) | 65 | 43 (66%) | 38 | 24 (63%) | 27 | 19 (70%) | 0.54c |
| Seizures, any (n, %) | 65 | 23 (35%) | 38 | 13 (34%) | 27 | 10 (37%) | 0.81c |
| Benzodiazepine, any (n, %) | 65 | 9 (11%) | 38 | 5 (13%) | 27 | 4 (15%) | 0.85c |
| Clonidine, any (n, %) | 65 | 9 (11%) | 38 | 5 (13%) | 27 | 4 (15%) | 0.85c |
| PaCO2 All 35 – 45 (n, %) | 65 | 5 (8%) | 38 | 4 (11%) | 27 | 1 (4%) | 0.39e |
| Some < 35, all < 45 (n, %) | 65 | 13 (20%) | 38 | 7 (18%) | 27 | 6 (22%) | 0.95c |
| None < 35, some > 45 (n, %) | 65 | 26 (40%) | 38 | 14 (38%) | 27 | 12 (44%) | 0.72c |
| Some < 35, some > 45 (n, %) | 65 | 21 (32%) | 38 | 13 (34%) | 27 | 8 (30%) | 0.90c |
*
p<0.05;
a
unpaired T-test;
b
unpaired T-test with Levene’s test;
c
χ2 test;
d
Mann-Whitney U test;
e
Fisher’s exact test;
f
used either as outcome or confounder in modeling.