Table 3a.
Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ||||||||||||
Effect | β-Estimate | SE | P-value | β-Estimate | SE | P-value | β-Estimate | SE | P-value | β-Estimate | SE | P-value |
Intercept | 82.32 | 12.01 | <.001 | 81.01 | 12.15 | <.001 | 86.97 | 12.79 | <.001 | 82.51 | 12.28 | <.001 |
Time, 10 yrs | −2.78 | 1.37 | 0.043 | −2.39 | 2.16 | 0.269 | 1.18 | 2.28 | 0.603 | −0.50 | 2.25 | 0.825 |
Chronic Discrimination* | −12.82 | 3.42 | <.001 | −12.94 | 3.42 | <.001 | −9.11 | 3.48 | 0.009 | −6.24 | 3.32 | 0.060 |
Baseline Age, yrs** | −1.46 | 4.39 | 0.740 | −1.43 | 4.42 | 0.747 | −0.83 | 4.45 | 0.852 | −1.56 | 4.12 | 0.705 |
Education | ||||||||||||
≤ high school | −5.64 | 8.13 | 0.488 | −4.20 | 8.29 | 0.613 | −0.80 | 8.38 | 0.924 | 1.38 | 7.79 | 0.860 |
Some college | −3.01 | 8.43 | 0.721 | −1.70 | 8.58 | 0.843 | 0.94 | 8.65 | 0.914 | 2.51 | 8.04 | 0.755 |
College | 3.40 | 9.16 | 0.711 | 5.20 | 9.30 | 0.577 | 9.53 | 9.37 | 0.310 | 9.17 | 8.69 | 0.292 |
Graduate School | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||||
Number of pain medications | ||||||||||||
2 | 2.51 | 7.94 | 0.752 | 2.41 | 7.96 | 0.762 | −9.45 | 8.82 | 0.284 | −6.20 | 8.72 | 0.478 |
1 | −1.22 | 7.98 | 0.879 | −1.33 | 8.01 | 0.868 | −12.10 | 8.84 | 0.171 | −8.79 | 8.75 | 0.315 |
0 | ||||||||||||
Post-menopausal | ||||||||||||
Yes | −0.66 | 2.51 | 0.792 | −2.06 | 2.62 | 0.430 | −1.50 | 2.58 | 0.560 | |||
No | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||||||||
HT use | ||||||||||||
Yes | 6.12 | 4.07 | 0.133 | 8.68 | 4.42 | 0.050 | 7.37 | 4.36 | 0.092 | |||
No | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||||||||
BMI, kg/m2** | −3.76 | 1.28 | 0.003 | −3.32 | 1.20 | 0.006 | ||||||
Smoker | ||||||||||||
Yes | −6.07 | 2.66 | 0.023 | −5.89 | 2.56 | 0.022 | ||||||
No | Reference | Reference | ||||||||||
No. of Upsetting Life Events | ||||||||||||
≥2 | −8.72 | 2.02 | <.001 | −6.63 | 2.02 | 0.001 | ||||||
1 | −2.60 | 1.95 | 0.182 | −1.21 | 1.94 | 0.534 | ||||||
0 | Reference | Reference | ||||||||||
CES-D | ||||||||||||
16+ | −11.77 | 1.74 | <.001 | |||||||||
<16 | Reference |
Models adjusted for: (1) baseline age, education, number of pain medications; (2) all variables in Model (1) plus post-menopausal status and HT use; (3) all variables in Model (2) plus BMI, smoking status, number of upsetting life events; (4) all variables in Model (3) plus CES-D. Menopausal status, hormone therapy use, BMI, smoking, life events, and CES-D in models 2, 3, 4 are all time varying. Significant associations are bolded.
Average discrimination up to and including the pain visit;
Centered