Table 3e.

Relationship of Chronic Everyday Discrimination and Bodily Pain: Caucasian (N=1450)

	Model 1			Model 2			Model 3			Model 4
Effect	β-Estimate	SE	P-value	β-Estimate	SE	P-value	β-Estimate	SE	P-value	β-Estimate	SE	P-value
Intercept	73.80	2.87	<.001	73.83	2.87	<.001	76.06	2.81	<.001	75.53	2.77	<.001
Time, 10 yrs	−2.47	0.56	<.001	−2.08	0.78	0.008	−2.06	0.80	0.010	−2.38	0.80	0.003
Chronic Discrimination*	−10.54	0.85	<.001	−10.49	0.85	<.001	−8.74	0.84	<.001	−7.86	0.83	<.001
Baseline Age, yrs**	−0.94	2.27	0.679	−0.76	2.28	0.739	−0.87	2.13	0.682	−1.16	2.08	0.575
Education
≤ high school	−9.88	1.87	<.001	−9.80	1.87	<.001	−9.29	1.75	<.001	−8.60	1.71	<.001
Some college	−6.28	1.74	<.001	−6.20	1.73	<.001	−5.39	1.62	0.001	−5.02	1.58	0.002
College	−2.41	2.10	0.252	−2.36	2.10	0.261	−2.21	1.96	0.261	−1.99	1.91	0.298
Graduate School	Reference			Reference			Reference			Reference
Number of pain medications
2	14.67	1.11	<.001	14.70	1.11	<.001	14.47	1.17	<.001	14.49	1.17	<.001
1	7.35	1.35	<.001	7.32	1.35	<.001	7.54	1.41	<.001	7.38	1.41	<.001
0	Reference			Reference			Reference			Reference
Post-menopausal
Yes				−0.61	0.74	0.406	−0.43	0.76	0.570	−0.42	0.76	0.586
No				Reference			Reference			Reference
HT use
Yes				−1.41	0.91	0.121	−1.12	0.93	0.231	−1.17	0.93	0.210
No				Reference			Reference			Reference
BMI, kg/m2**							−4.12	0.46	<.001	−4.14	0.45	<.001
Smoker
Yes							−4.44	1.00	<.001	−4.30	1.00	<.001
No							Reference			Reference
No. of upsetting life events
≥2							−3.28	0.60	<.001	−2.79	0.61	<.001
1							−0.99	0.62	0.107	−0.69	0.62	0.265
0							Reference			Reference
CES-D
16+										−4.80	0.71	<.001
<16										Reference

Models adjusted for: (1) baseline age, education, number of pain medications; (2) all variables in Model (1) plus post-menopausal status and HT use; (3) all variables in Model (2) plus BMI, smoking status, number of upsetting life events; (4) all variables in Model (3) plus CES-D. Menopausal status, hormone therapy use, BMI, smoking, life events, and CES-D in models 2, 3, 4 are all time varying. Significant associations are bolded.

^*Average discrimination up to and including the pain visit;

^**Centered